Consequently, PPR control in rural Tanzania is not highly prioritized (68). Control of PPR may be achieved by culling, confinement of infected animals, biosecurity measures to reduce infectious fomites, refusal of imports of sheep and goats from regions suffering outbreaks, and mass vaccination (85). Mbyuzi AO, Komba EVG, Cordery-Cotter R, Magwisha HB, Kimera SI, Kambarage DM. Thombare NN, Sinha MK. 61. Peste des petits ruminants virus transmission scaling and husbandry practices that contribute to increased transmission risk: an investigation among sheep, goats, and cattle in Northern Tanzania. 28. Swai ES, Kapaga A, Kivaria F, Tinuga D, Joshua G, Sanka P. Prevalence and distribution of Peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies in various districts of Tanzania. doi: 10.1007/s00580-018-2848-5. Most of them are approved for use in sheep but not goats. In the future, the development of a marker vaccine with a robust companion test may help in serosurveillance to identify infection in vaccinated animals to control PPR disease. (2014) 2014:202618. doi: 10.1155/2014/202618, 69. Evidence of interspecies transmission of PPR has been observed in several studies (1, 71). Additionally, phylogenetic analysis based on the N gene has been utilized to determine the PPRV lineage and to establish epidemiological relationships (12, 36, 41, 44). Ugochukwu IC, Ezeasor CK, Agina OA, Anyogu DC, Chukwudi IC, Idoko SI, et al. Lineages I and II are mainly found in West and Central Africa; lineage III is found mainly in East Africa, Yemen and Oman; and lineage IV is found across the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, southern Asia and recently, in several African territories (10, 13, 14). Herzog CM, de Glanville WA, Willett BJ, Cattadori IM, Kapur V, Hudson PJ, et al. Njeumi F, Bailey D, Soula J, Diop B, Tekola BG. OIE. Virus Dis. doi: 10.1017/S0950268819001262, 40. (1942) 5:16–21. Kgotlele T, Torsson E, Kasanga CJ. Abortion and nodular lesions were also observed, which were not reported to be common in neighboring Kenya (35). (2015) 5:9. doi: 10.1186/s13570-015-0029-6, 84. Front Vet Sci. Veterinary Res Commun. Detection and genome analysis of a lineage III peste des petits ruminants virus in Kenya in 2011. Torsson et al. Additionally, Misinzo et al. doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.57469, 85. Consequently, the reasons for vaccine failure and the persistence of disease transmission in Tanzania should be elucidated. Epub 2011 Nov 15. antibodies due to vaccination and those due to the disease • Legislation on use of PPR vaccine. Economic losses may be due to depletion of the small ruminant population, by mortalities associated with the disease, or by culling as a control measure (59). Second, the high potential for cross-species transmission of PPRV from small ruminants to cattle in areas where these species live in close proximity suggests that monitoring … The threat of peste des petits ruminants: progress in vaccine development for disease control. Peste des Petits Ruminants (Infection With Peste des Petits Ruminants) in OIE Terrestrial Mannual 2019. Current control of the disease mainly includes isolation and disinfection of the contaminated environment, and administration of a live-attenuated vaccine, which provides a strong immunity. 2010 Jul;38(4):479-85. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.02.003. Banyard AC, Wang Z, Parida S. Peste des petits ruminants virus, eastern Asia. (60), may have been enough to successfully prevent PPR transmission. 1:325–9. East Af J Sci Technol Innovat. HHS (1981) 5:11–4. Arch Virol. Economic losses associated with Peste des petits ruminants in Turkana County Kenya. Because of the close relationship of PPR virus to Rinderpest virus, Rinderpest virus had been used as a vaccine, but with the current efforts to eradicate Rinderpest worldwide, it is no longer used. Similar to other African countries, the impact of PPR on agriculture in Tanzania has wide implications.
(2020) 12:389. doi: 10.3390/v12040389, 46. doi: 10.1007/s11259-009-9311-7, 49. 2007 Jul 26;25(30):5591-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.013. (49) reported that the sero-prevalence of PPR did not differ significantly between goat (26.3%) and sheep (25.2%) populations. (2014) 20:2184. doi: 10.3201/eid2012.141116, 71. Spillover of peste des petits ruminants virus from domestic to wild ruminants in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania. Arch Virol. The risk factors for PPRV infection were investigated by eight of the eligible studies, using questionnaires and sero-prevalence data. Remember, vaccines are continually monitored for safety, and like any medication, vaccines can cause side effects. Rev Sci Techn. 68. Current perspectives on conventional and novel vaccines against peste des petits ruminants. OIE. The disease has also been reported in some wildlife species including Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas) (1), Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana), Laristan sheep (Ovis vignei laristanica), and gemsbok (Oryx gazelle) (2). 33. Assessment of the epidemiological status, seroprevalence and molecular detection of Peste des Petits Ruminants in goats and sheep along Tanzania-Malawi Border (Doctoral dissertation) Sokoine University of Agriculture (2016) p. 45. In: The 3rd RUFORUM Biennial Conference, 24th – 28th September 2012. LONDON (AP) — Britain authorized a COVID-19 vaccine for use Wednesday, greenlighting the first shot backed up by rigorous scientific review. For this to be attainable, it is important to understand the specific epidemiological features of the disease and identify the socio-economic factors that must be considered to stop the transmission of the disease (34). However, Karimuribo et al. The opportunity to eradicate Peste des Petits Ruminants. Serological evidence of camel exposure to Peste des Petits Ruminants virus in Tanzania. Epub 2010 Mar 2. Veterinary Microbiol. The practice of grazing sheep and goats in close proximity to or on wildlife grazing areas was also shown to increase the risk of PPR occurrence in wild ruminants (24, 52). J Gener Virol. Peste de petits ruminants (PPR), a viral disease representing a major burden for sheep and goat farmers across Africa and Asia, is now targeted for eradication through mass vaccination campaigns. (41) carried out phylogenetic analysis based on the N gene of PPRV, on nasal and ocular swabs and whole blood samples obtained from PPR cases in northern and eastern Tanzania. Kumar KS, Babu A, Sundarapandian G, Roy P, Thangavelu A, Kumar KS, et al. The immunocapture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IC-ELISA) for the rapid identification of PPRV antigen (46), recommended by OIE (47), was not reported to have been used in any of the reviewed articles. Res Opin Anim Veterinary Sci. Emerg Infect Dis. Comparison of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease between Tanzania and Kenya. (2019) 51:1807–15.
Dione MM, Traoré I, Kassambara H, Sow AN, Touré CO, Sidibé CAK, Séry A, Yena AS, Wieland B, Dakouo M, Diall O, Niang M, Fomba CO, Traoré M, Fall A. Ruget AS, Tran A, Waret-Szkuta A, Moutroifi YO, Charafouddine O, Cardinale E, Cêtre-Sossah C, Chevalier V. Front Vet Sci. 16. Kivaria FM, Kwiatek O, Kapaga AM, Swai ES, Libeau G, Moshy W, et al. 57. (2014) 2:18. doi: 10.4236/jbm.2014.26004, 78. Notulae Scientia Biol. Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019. Karimuribo et al. Viruses. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.592662/full#supplementary-material, 1. As high mortality persisted amongst the sheep and goat populations in Ngorongoro and the neighboring Mara district, a new investigation confirmed the presence of PPR in Ngorongoro in June 2008, where 129/404 serum samples tested positive for PPR antibody (26, 36). A confirmed PPR outbreak in Kenya in August 2006, coupled with reports of clinical signs resembling PPR and high mortality amongst sheep and goats in Ngorongoro, northern Tanzania in December 2007 prompted another investigation (36, 49). Saravanan P, Sen A, Balamurugan V, Rajak KK, Bhanuprakash V, Palaniswami KS, Nachimuthu K, Thangavelu A, Dhinakarraj G, Hegde R, Singh RK. Moumin G, Moussa C, Teshale S, Gezahegne M. Seroprevalence and risk factors for peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Djibouti. Rev Sci Tech. Baron MD, Diop B, Njeumi F, Willett BJ, Bailey D. Future research to underpin successful peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) eradication. First detection and genetic characterization of peste des petits ruminants virus from dorcas gazelles “Gazella dorcas” in the Sudan, 2016-2017. Swai ES, Moshy W, Mbise E, Kaaya J, Bwanga S. (2011). Onderstepoort J. Veterinary Res. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease affecting goats, sheep and wild ruminants. (2015) 21:2230–4. (2019) 11:249. doi: 10.3390/v11030249. 37. Kgotlele et al. Viruses. New Delhi: Vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease and Brucella abortus have been chosen to become part of the country’s first list of essential medicines for animals, ThePrint has learnt. Lembo T, Oura C, Parida S, Hoare R, Frost L, Fyumagwa R, et al. Negative results were observed in retrospective serological analysis performed using archived sera samples collected from small ruminants for Rift Valley fever surveillance in Mtwara and Lindi regions of southern Tanzania in 2007. (2020) 12:186. doi: 10.3390/v12020186, 41. doi: 10.20506/rst.36.1.2628, 80. Identifying age cohorts responsible for Peste des petits ruminants virus transmission among sheep, goats, and cattle in northern Tanzania. Torsson et al. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease of sheep and goats, with sub-clinical manifestation in cattle, pigs, and camel. doi: 10.1079/AHR200479, 92. Willingness to Vaccinate (WTV) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Vaccination Against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Mali. 81. Epidemiological survey of peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopia: cattle as potential sentinel for surveillance. 2007. Goat and sheep are the species of choice for pastoralists, due to their hardiness and ability to withstand the harsh arid and semi-arid climates. (2012). Optimization and evaluation of a non-invasive tool for peste des petits ruminants surveillance and control. The authors would like to thank the following for their support. 51. 43:149–53. Over 3,000 serum samples were screened for PPRV antibodies using the competitive ELISA (cELISA) and all cELISA results were negative (26, 41). 62. In Tanzania, PPR was officially confirmed in 2008 (23, 24). Losses due to PPR identified in this review include: mortalities associated with the disease, reduced market value caused by poor body condition, culling, the cost of medication, vaccination, veterinary and labor services, and the cost of embargo on livestock markets imposed by authorities. p. 1–6. BioMed Res Int. A number of vaccines are used to prevent disease in goats.
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