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Later, Joe learnsthat his sister's opinion was based on the fact that her boyfriend from "up north" recently dumped her. the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. Scarcity of resources Flashcards. C. the competitor as disadvantaged in comparison to us A. failure and distance ourselves from success The false uniqueness effect is: Both are a direct request. This study explored which concept mentioned in the text? Psychology questions and answers. If one person is "different" somehow, it allows other people to avoid conforming. B. more negatively A. raise; decrease A. independent self Researchers have suggested that there are three main reasons why false consensus occurs: 3 . A. self-handicapping Explain Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. B. education That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. B. better about their speech and appearance D. knowing others better than we know ourselves, In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? B. compared to 20 years ago, fewer love songs today are considered "sappy love songs" C. self-centered The teacher is probably trying to. Exam 1 Study Guide. Who will make the best prediction of how long her new relationship will last? B. collectivistic D. overestimating, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be legal, and she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. A. narcissists have higher IQs B. an interdependent-self This is because many of them were extremely poor, did not own cars or phones, and did not have friends or family nearby; it was virtually impossible for them to evacuate the hurricane area when they heard the hurricane warnings. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy. A. individual achievement. Polina is 3 years old. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and successful behaviors. D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. Think of it like this. Carmen's underestimation of how long it would take her to complete her paper is an example of: For example, a person may think that their ability . A. lifes satisfaction D. illusion of transparency, When we compare ourselves with others, most of us tend to: B. feared self Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. C. progressives; traditionalists In pronouncement of 18, the fallacy in this statement has too many questions. C. social rank C. exhibit more health problems This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. Which of the following is the best example of ironic processing interfering with attempted thought suppression? Thus, sometimes individuals tend to believe that others are more similar to them than is actually the case. Every single time it comes up heads. One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. You begin to feel that you should give up, as whatever you do does not seem to help your exam scores. D. social contrast, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. A. A. self-concept; self-schema That is, instead of seeing a "chair," for example, these people see "a wooden object with four legs." He suggested that most people explain everyday events in terms of either __________ or __________. Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. The belief that people can control totally chance situations is the. Introducing Cram Folders! D. no one is, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. . In a recent study, Gentile et al. C. the self-serving bias. -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. D. traditionalists; progressives, A person's answer to the question "Who am I?" Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people change their attitudes to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behavior. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Touch is the most functional sense at birth. It is often attributed to a desire to view one's thoughts and actions as unusual, arising . C. self-esteem Wilson and Gilbert (2003) referred to this phenomenon as: The state of a "dual attitude system" exists when we have differing _______ and _______ attitudes. C. self-serving bias One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). A. failing to appreciate At the end of each paragraph, he stops and asks himself what the paragraph was about. A. strong The false consensus effect is the phenomenon and tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people will agree with you, think like you, and behave like you. According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, people are MOST likely to make internal attributions for others' behaviors when. D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, D. stress their individual accomplishments and uniqueness, Goel et al. Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. C. practice Curse of knowledge: When those who are experts in their field tend to talk above people around them on that topic. B. conservative Certain mode of responding, like public, verbal reports, leads to more conformity, whereas secret ballots lead to less conformity. Even though you are not actually ill at all, as you walk home from the hospital you do so with a slight limp, and begin lightly coughing. D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships, C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you, You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? How does the fundamental attribution error (FAE) differ from the actor-observer effect (AOE)? This test is known as. On the day they arrive at his home to meet him, he greets them in ripped sweat pants and a stained T-shirt. Mr. X thinks that George W. Bush became president of the U.S. becauseeven though he is not that brilliant or talentedhe made a real effort to campaign well in both 2000 and 2004. Research shows that they tend to be more influenced by. D. he is self-monitoring, Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that the self-serving bias is adaptive? D. collectivists are more likely to downward social comparisons than individualists, D. collectivists are more likely to downward social comparisons than individualists, Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments, such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights, they tend to: A. low self-esteem At the end of the reading program, he administers the same reading exam again. A) approval; knowledge B) knowledge; approval C) compliance; conformity D) conformity; compliance, Some critics of Milgram's study, such as Haslam and his colleagues, have suggested that the behavior of the participants can be . B. be more collectivistic This was early evidence of the phenomenon known as. Whenever you smell coconut oil, you tend to think about your recent vacation in the Bahamas (where you and your friends used lots of coconut suntan oil). C. learned helplessness However, some people who saw media reports on the hurricane victims did not understand this. D. feared possible selves; hoped-for possible selves, Jack is very nervous about meeting his future in-laws for the first time. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. Research on __________ is concerned with the explanations that people come up with to account for everyday events. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. A. self-interest colors our social judgment. A. excel. Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: A. cooperation B. communality C. collectivism D. groupthink, When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect . B. self-concept It seems counterintuitive after all, people are usually better at d First, the given words prime thoughts of elderly, which in turn prime an elderly-related behaviour, walking slowly. This may sound complicated, but it simply means . A. self-concept This is the False Uniqueness Definition that is shared across psychological research. Research Strategies and Methodology: 6%. C. successfully predict For example: Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics; Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you; When asked whether it is more likely that Ingrid is (a) a teacher, or (b) both politically liberal and a teacher, most people answer (b). But Mr. Y thinks that George W. only became president because he was "in the right place at the right time," and had good luck. According to Myers, the best term for this symptom is: Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. What are the three situational factors that impact conformity? This suggests that self-concepts become more individualized after visiting Western countries. The false uniqueness effect is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. Also, participants were told either (a) that the essay-writer got to choose which side to take (pro- or anti-), or (b) that the essay-writer was ASSIGNED to one side or the other. She therefore has a(n) _______ locus of control. Raquel buys stock in two different companies. Why? This happens because the responsibility for a task is spread across all members of the group. B. view everyone as relatively average A. positively the tendency. they tend to ignore that information, or else the information sparks conscious thought about the topic at hand. what is involved in going to a restaurant. B. conservative A. self-role B. self-efficacy . B. family situation D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. Confusion over why someone treats you in a particular way is called a. emotional climate b. expectancy effect attributional ambiguity d. self-fulfilling prophecy 14. Deindividuation involves loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity. For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." D. social comparison, Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. Introducing Cram Folders! This is referred to as our: Basically, you feel less restraint and you forget about moral values and act spontaneously. A. a confederate D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. consistency is perceived to be high, but consensus and distinctiveness are perceived to be low. Attractive request -> less attractive request. Jorge just received an A+ on a physics exam. The false consensus bias is the tendency to see our own attitudes, beliefs and behavior as being typical. Benjamin would likely receive a high score on a scale measuring: C. be happier when the members of their gourd succeed B. the false consensus effect. Before the rise of social cognition, the field of social psychology was dominated by, When people make internal, stable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, When people want to suppress a thought, the automatic mind works to. A. personality B. for Japanese college students, happiness comes with positive social engagement B. low self-esteem -believe many Mormons collect rare books. commit the base rate fallacy, representativeness heuristic, People tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors, but to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors. B. self-aggrandizement B. experience great difficulty C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience. D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed, John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. B. raise; increase Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. The false consensus effect in social psychology is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate how much others share their beliefs and behaviours. When people believe they can affect the dice by blowing on them they are experiencing the, People are faster to classify the target word "flower" when it is preceded by the word "plant" than when it is preceded by the word "elephant." If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will. What is the difference between social psychology and sociology? How does the "That's-not-all" compliance technique work? B. collectivistic She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. Which of the following is most likely to trigger a false uniqueness effect in your thinking? That is, when they think about "sleeping," related concepts are __________. Social psychologists would say that Mr. X is making __________ attributions for Bush's success, while Mr. Y is making __________ attributions. A. social rank B. experience more stress What might this disciple be thinking? D. lower the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Possible selves, Culture difference in a person's self concept reflect, How is self esteem different from self concept? D. impact bias, According to Myers' discussion on social comparison, people typically _______ the standards by which they evaluate their own attainments when they experience a(n) _______ in affluence, status, or achievement. When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. The researchers found that. B. self-monitoring D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation, Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. Paul commutes to and from work each day. She assumes that the students will stare at her and comment on her hair color. Question 20 The false uniqueness effect is: A. the anticipation of problems to motivate effective action. Similarly, instead of seeing two dogs, such people might see "a small tan animal with fur and a large brown object with its tongue hanging out." C. internal locus of control B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS Why does a manager need to evaluate the solution and look for problems after a solution has been implemented? Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is the definition of: A. hoped-for possible self The first 19 flips are all heads. This is MOST directly related to, Raquel buys stock in two different companies. D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, D. adjusting one's behavior in response to external situations to create the desired impression, You have tried to study for an exam with flashcards, with a friend, and with your notes - all to no avail. A. transparency effect C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual D. self-serving bias, Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future: D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. ", In theory, it would be possible for a child to have a script of. C. immune neglect A. high self-esteem B. external D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. The covariation principle was proposed by Harold Kelley. C. self-schema C. average D. the looking-glass self, Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) ______ culture. Agreeing to a request is to _____ as obeying a command . their undesirable characteristics, their desirable characteristics, The ultimate attribution error refers to the tendency for people to make internal attributions to explain, When people want to suppress a thought, the conscious mind works to. Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: C. U.S. children today report more positive self-feelings than those growing up in the 1960s and 1970s The false uniqueness effect is. This effect is due to, Hilder is on the so-called "South Beach diet", which restricts her from eating foods that are high in carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, potato chips, and pretzels). D. neither the intensity nor the duration, The false uniqueness effect is: Fundamental attribution error is made when observers overestimate internal dispositional influences and underestimate external situation influences upon other's behavior. C. independent the tendency. Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards. magical thinking. Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. How does the "foot-in-the-door" compliance technique work? make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. Who is likely to be more disappointed? What are the three types of social influence in regards to conformity? She makes $2000 from one of these investments, but loses $3000 on the other one. After the winning touchdown was scored he said "This has made my month and nothing is going to bring me down from this!" He plays golf, has a private stable with horses, owns a jet, and is thinking about buying an island. D. self-presentation, After seeing a billboard for the lottery, you imagine a life of the rich and famous for yourself. D. explicit, An example of how social comparisons can actually breed misery, rather than satisfaction, is when we; A. self-handicapping Group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. C. hoped-for possible selves; feared possible selves B. less attractive than others why people tend to overestimate the degree to which members of minority groups engage in criminal behaviors. D. self-presentation, Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? C. a social comparison keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought. Your answer should have 2 parts. D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? C. both the intensity and the duration She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. C. progressives; traditionalists In a national poll conducted by ABC News, men reported an average of sex partners and women reported an average of sex partners. Sociology is the study of groups of people. How does the just-world-hypothesis explain fundamental attribution error? What percent of women in Western countries change their last names to adopt their husbands last name when they marry? D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us, D. the competitor as advantaged in comparison to us, Political liberals tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. thinking about her boyfriend even more than she was before. How does the "low-ball" compliance technique work? That is, you might __________ and rely on the __________. What is an example of impact bias? A. internal Give an example of self-fulfilling prophecy. The false consensus effect is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values. C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others, The tendency to perceive oneself favorably is referred to as: B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance. A. school performance C. jill's roommate A. have more interdependent selves These findings are consistent with a motivational interpretation that emphasizes the individual's need to justify or normalize stigmatized behavior and to bolster perceived self-competence. Argh!" . If Raquel is like most people, then she will MOST likely. C. everyone does it! A. compare ourselves to close friends B. terror management theory C. self-concerns motivate our social behavior. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. -say that the last flip is more likely to be heads OR say that the last flip is more likely to be tails. D. the self-handicapping effect. characteristics and abilities. Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. This is an example of the: Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. Fritz Heider analyzed what he called "common sense psychology"the ways in which people explain everyday events. In technical terms, the False Uniqueness Effect is an attributional bias of self-perception and belongs to the social psychology domain.