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It may not display this or other websites correctly. Ive never used PutAway% in any analysis and frankly am not very familiar with it. If hes got it in him, these percentages will mean nothing. So we set a goal to improve that ball-to-pitch ratio from 41% down to 35%. IMHO, invalid numbers are worse than no numbers. View our privacy policy. So he threw about 41% of his pitches for balls. More aggressive hitters will expand the zone and have a higher O-Swing%, also resulting in fewer walks. doesnt it muddy the water just a bit? Zone% = Pitches in the strike zone / Total pitches. This stat is more straightforward in its calculation. "[5], Seattle Mariners pitcher Jason Vargas was enjoying the best season of his career through Aug. 11, 2010, with an ERA close to 3.00. Hughes has developed a knack for getting one over on the first pitch, increasing his first-pitch strike percentage in each of his four seasons in the majors. Here are the equations you may use to solve for the length of the slope and the rafter: rafter = rise + run (this formula is from the Pythagorean theorem) rise / run = pitch, (use this when you express the pitch in percent) pitch = tan (angle), (use this when you express the angle of the roof pitch in degrees) Sources and more . We try to throw 67% first pitch strikes (2 out of 3) and place a major emphasis on throwing two of the first three pitches to each batter for a strike. Note: The pitcher WAR section of the Library is still in need of revision! Fantasy Fallout: With Gavin Lux Out, Could A Sleeper Emerge? This means that as a starting pitchers first-pitch strike rate increases, so too will his BPV. Once we get over that hump I think that could be another very informative stat. Statistics indicate that throwing a strike on the first pitch allows the pitcher to gain an advantage in the at bat, limiting the hitter's chance of getting on base. There is a moderate negative correlation between WHIP and FpK%. Plate discipline is important because it can help you discern whether or not a players surface stats are legitimate. scorekeeper, what I meant is that the chart is kept by a dad-coach and it isnt kept as well as it should be. This is extreme, but if a big league pitching staff improved their first pitch strike percentage from 57% to 80%, it would translate into one 100 fewer runs allowed over the course of a season. For guys whose FpK% fell by more than 5 points from one season to the next, all but one saw their FpK% rebound the following season, although it was slightly more common for their FpK% to revert to their prior career FpK% norms: Expanding this FpK% decline threshold to -3 points or greater, we found that 40 starting pitchers saw such an erosion from one season to the next between 2010 and 2013. You will also see that this number often coincides with the players who reach the most out of the zone, which makes sense more swings, more reaches. how to calculate first pitch strike percentage. True, but I think what may be lost in the numbers here is the ability to hit strike zone x% of the time. A FLY BALL is a batted ball that goes high in the air in flight. To some it might mean difficult to put the bat on a pitch. Im fine with where things standSouthpawDad has his direction and my contribution was that extent and no more. Twenty-four (60%) experienced an increase in their control rate during the same season with an average control rate increase of 0.8. At young ages, we might give an 8 inch target and consider it a hit if they get in that 8 inch circle. Value. So I would come up with a 5:3 ratio of strikes to balls in this case. It might be the best pitch they see. How much of this is true? They should both improve if the ball ratio goes down. Were the pitchers in the cws missing close intentionally or just not hitting their spots? [quote=SouthpawDad]Heres how Im looking at it. Here is what Perfect Game is pushing right now in order to standardize stats from org to org. The range of percentages for the teams Ive scored is 51.2% at the lowest, and 85.7% at the highest. To view the graph, click here. A pitchers count is when the count goes to 0-1,0-2,1-2,2-2, and a hitters count is when the count goes to 1-0,2-0,2-1,3-0,3-1. The first pitch strike helps the pitcher get ahead in the count which is key to being successful at a . As long as its not a situational at bat, the key is to throw your highest percent quality strike pitch (or pitches) to your highest percent quality strike location. I prefer a strike percentage of at least 60-percent. [/quote]. A lot more into it than just balls/strikes. Major League and Minor League Baseball data provided by Major League Baseball. This tells you how good a hitter is at laying off of bad pitches, a key to good discipline. GameChanger is the latest version of the GameChanger product you know and love. I prefer a strike percentage of at least 60 . Z-Contact% is the amount of contact on pitches in the strike zone, which is a very good thing. The lowest rate went to Joe Mauer at just 4.1%. OBR defines them this way. GameChanger Classic automatically calculates a wide variety of baseball & softball statistics for your players throughout the season. So I can count the balls pitched, but I cant see how many pitches (including fouls) a particular at-bat took. Your email address will not be published. Use your browser's incognito or private browsing mode to avoid participating. Strikeout Percentage = Strikeouts / Official At Bats. Makes perfect sense the way you put it. This means that a starting pitchers FpK% is much more likely to approach his prior season or three-year FpK% levels than his career FpK%. In 2016, he pitched 228 innings again, and struck out his career high 284 batters. DAILY MATCHUPS: Verlander versus the hangover, DAILY MATCHUPS: Elder looking to keep streak alive, DAILY MATCHUPS: Bieber looks to finish strong vs. Royals, THE BIG HURT: Hurt file, early spring edition, THE BIG HURT: Effects of 2022 Injuries in 2023, ARSENAL REPORT: Tick-tock on the pitch clock, RESEARCH: The future of playing time measurement starts now, RESEARCH: Start making smarter FAAB bids in 4 easy steps, GM's OFFICE: Projections housekeeping, with some Quality Starts validation, SPECULATOR: Finding this year's Adolis Garca, WATCHLIST: Finding gems in the shadowed spring schedule, WATCHLIST: Prospects on Fast Track to September Call Up, FACTS/FLUKES: Lynn, France, Bradish, Torres, E. Swanson, FACTS/FLUKES: Olson, K. Marte, I. Anderson, Steele, J.D. A total of 82 starting pitchers threw at least 40 IP in each season from 2010 to 2013. These are the pitches you can drive, and if youre missing on a lot of pitches in the zone (which should be the easiest pitches to hit), youre going to struggle to hit for average. Version 1.3.9. So I know that 50 pitches were either strikes swinging, strikes looking, foul balls, or put into play regardless of outcome (other than the occasional hit batsman). Lets take a closer look at FpK% to see how strongly it is correlated with the common pitching metrics you will find at our site. First pitch strikes are what you really want to focus on to get ahead in the count. Pitch count is how many total pitches were thrown by a pitcher, while strikes counts how many of each of those pitches were called a strike by the home plate umpire. Major league pitchers throw approximately 57% first pitch strikes. 69% of strikeouts start with first pitch strikes and 70% of walks start with first pitch balls. The 3 added together gives a total pitch count. CSW Rate on those pitches: 27.7%. So to me what it does is adds to a players overall knowledge base, so that hopefully one day hell be able to count on more than his gut to make decisions. FPS: First pitch strikes; FPS%: First pitch strike percentage; FPSO%: % of FPS at-bats that result in an out; FPSW%: % of FPS at-bats that result in a walk; FPSH%: % of FPS at-bats that result in a hit <3: At bat with 3-or-fewer pitches <3%: 3-for-fewer pitch at bats per batter faced; LOO: Leadoff out (1st batter of inning) May to some it means difficult to get base hits, and to others something else entirely. I am a very experienced data analyst, but I have no prior experience in this area so Im learning as I go. I always find it somewhat surprising that the number of total errors doesnt quite coincide with the number of unnecessary pitches. Therefore, the batter's on-base percentage is 0.295. Through Aug. 11, 2010, Hughes allowed just a .221 batting average against after throwing a first-pitch strike, as opposed to a .273 batting average against after throwing a ball on the first pitch. Zone% tells us how many of a hitters pitches are in the strike zone. Numbers dont lie. Originally posted by BatSpinner View Post. babylon 5 white star first appearance. F-Strike% (aka First-Pitch Strike Rate; percentage of strikes a batter gets on his first pitch, per plate appearance) SwStr% (aka Swinging Strike Rate; percentage of swings that do not result in contact) Go ahead and pull up any player page on Fangraphs and follow along with this, if you wish. https://www.weinsteinbaseball.com/strikes/, https://www.federalbaseball.com/2018/5/12/17346140/max-scherzer-strikes-out-11-retires-final-15-diamondbacks-hitters-he-faces-in-nationals-3-1-win, https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/s/scherma01.shtml, http://dynastysportsempire.com/the-2016-sabermetric-statistic-leaders/, https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/h/hendrky01.shtml, https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/cuetojo01.shtml, https://www.samford.edu/sports-analytics/fans/2018/Who-Has-the-Best-Eye-in-Baseball, Cookie Preferences | Privacy Policy | Software Plugins, We use cookies to improve our site, personalize content and serve more relevant advertising on other platforms. Swing% is simply the rate of swings per pitch. On the other hand, Coach, your point about umps is spot-on. Pavano (3.28) had the highest ERA of the three, with Halladay and Lee both carrying ERAs below 2.50.[4]. Thanks, Howard. He wound up with an elite .407 wOBA. Hardball Times: The Importance Of Strike One (Part One) But at the end of the day if hes thrown 80 and 30 were balls that leaves 50 pitches that are classified as strikes. Personally, Ive always tracked balls, BIPs, and other strikes. I get where youre going with this, but if F-Strike includes balls put in play (btw, do you count HR in this?) When I talk about metrics of this nature, I know he understands it and like scorekeeper suggests, I want to encourage him to think this way, for reasons that extend well beyond baseball. In 2016, 8 MLB teams within the American League East were separated by less than 5 games, which is a manageable deficit to overcome with 10 more wins and 10 less losses. Batting GP: Games played PA: Plate appearances AB: At bats H: Hits 2B: Doubles 3B: Triples HR: Home runs RBI: Runs batted in I think most of us would agree that velocity is not an appropriate stat for an 11yo since it would probably encourage bad behavior. Once a pitcher gets to a 0-1 count, hitters hit just .239 against him from there on out. When a pitcher starts an at-bat with a strike, there is a 92.7% statistical chance that at-bat will result in an out, and the number of strike outs that start with a first pitch strike is 69%; moreover, the percentage of at-bats that began with a first pitch ball sits at 70%. The question is, what do you consider the proper way to treat batted balls in this ratio. No part of the site may be reproduced or retransmitted without written permission of the publisher. A strike down main street is a bad pitch. Teach em young to try to get the batters to hit the ball, not miss it, You wouldnt believe how much time HS coaches spend trying to get their pitchers to pitch to contact. Instead, well finish this off with SwStr%, or Swinging Strike Rate. Melky Cabrera led MLB in 2017 with a 95.1% mark, while Joey Gallo again finished in dead last by a mile at just 71.6%. Welcome to Part 3 of this Sabermetric Series. Participants A total of 14 youth baseball pitchers (age: 11.5 3.1 years; height: 144.8 10.1 cm; If a pitcher throws only 45 percent first-pitch strikes, she can expect to walk around 4 hitters per 7 innings. I thought she pitched a really good gameworked up the count several timesthat's roughly 80 pitches across 4.5 innings. Our research here will show that first-pitch strike rate (FpK%)the percentage of first-pitch strikes a pitcher throwscan serve this purpose. From Burley, "Let's imagine that we have two pitchers, both of whom are otherwise perfectly average but one of whom always throws a strike on the first pitch, while the other always throws a ball. The statistical validation for 1st pitch strikes is irrefutable. All of the intangibles youve listed off swinging, looking, foul ball, tip etc, etc. The chances of that happening are tiny. Its not that those numbers wouldnt have any validity at the lower levels, but there were few willing to go through the drudgery of compiling and presenting them. And for the last 6 years, for over 39,000 pitches, the average was 60.9%. Divide that number by the total pitches, multiply it by 100 and subtract it from 100%, and you have strike percentage. If youre letting pitches in the strike zone sail right by for called strikes, youre being too passive at the plate. It is considered a first-pitch strike when a pitcher strikes out . Unlike pitches outside the zone that typically result in weak contact, swinging at pitches inside the zone leads to better contact. They do keep pitch counts per inning though and I track those myself. Last point. After throwing just 51 percent strikes on the first pitch in 2009, that number jumped to 63 percent in 2010, above the MLB average. His current 54% FpK% actually is the lowest he has posted since his rookie season, and its a level strongly correlated with a Control rate nearly double his current mark. They should both improve if the ball ratio goes down. Its great to set goals, but keep in mind that a strike percentage of 65% is above average. 92.7% of first pitch strikes lead to an out or strike one; so that means that less than 8% of first pitch strikes become hits. Though overall strike percentage has risen just one percentage point since 2002 from 62.4 percent to 63.5 percent, according to FanGraphs first-pitch strike percentage has jumped from 56.0 percent in 1991 to 60.3 percent in 2014, inverse to the decline in first-pitch swings. And know that if I put myself in those good situations, good counts, more or less good things are going to happen."[7]. how to calculate first pitch strike percentagemcarthur golf club milk jug logomcarthur golf club milk jug logo Matt Carpenter, who also had one of the lowest chase rates in baseball, had the lowest Swing% at 34.1%. When pitchers face a 3-0 count (meaning 3 balls 0 strikes), they throw a strike 80% of the time. Yes that makes sense. FPS Mean in Baseball. I think F-Strike% has much value, but it just feels like there needs to be more info to really utilize it. Why you should care: Getting the first strike on a batter significantly decreases the batters chance of success and likewise increases a pitchers chance of success. Bowling Strike Rate - An . This is definitely NOT an exact science. Now, divide the rise by the . But I would advise to be careful about how you define things, if youre gonna use them to make decisions or judgments. A GROUND BALL is a batted ball that rolls or bounces close to the ground. The average FpK% variance by starting pitcher from one season to another during this period was only +0.6%. This stat is more straightforward in its calculation. Contact% = Number of pitches on which contact was made / Swings. "Twins scouting director Mike Radcliff told ESPN's Jerry Crasnick in May, 2010.[2]. Thanks both of you guys for great feedback. Play-by-play data prior to 2002 was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted Yet again, youre going to get mixed signals from time to time. To do this, we took a look at starting pitchers that posted 40 IP or more per season from 2010 to 2013. Typically GBO/FBO percentages are used to tell if a pitcher is a pitcher induces balls hit on the ground or in the air, but youre saying something different. On June 19, 2010, Hughes told NJ.com, "There's a lot of good strike-throwers out there, but that's been my main goal, just get strike one and take it one pitch at a time. Your son is very lucky to have a dad that supports him. But they do happen, so all that can be done is try to keep them to a minimum. Would you mind explaining a bit more? When he made first pitch strikes his priority in 2015, he upped his numbers to 276 strike outs in 228 innings pitched. This was one way I was able to identify Jose Bautistas 2017 decline being legitimate early on; his Z-Contact% dropped a whopping 4.4% from 2016. That chews up his pitch count in a non-productive way. But I suppose in order for it to make sense as a hitting metric, youd have to include all 3 rather than just on the ground or not. Based on his two outings this spring, he is very difficult to hit, and when the batters do connect, its almost always a ground ball. There are plenty of good players that can make a high O-Contact% work, but, generally speaking, those players are contact-oriented and dont get a lot of power from that approach. If he achieves that, we can then look at the number of walks allowed and innings pitched per game as secondary metrics. Fifty of them (70%) experienced a reduction in their control rate during the same season with an average reduction of 0.7. I know that doesnt compliment the umpire crowd, but these people are not professionals, nor do they enjoy the best mix of those who understand what a strike zone is. Though overall strike percentage has risen just one percentage point since 2002 from 62.4 percent to 63.5 percent, according to FanGraphs first-pitch strike percentage has jumped from 56.0 percent in 1991 to 60.3 percent in 2014, inverse to the decline in first-pitch swings. How to Calculate Roof Pitch in Degrees First, you need to measure the run of your roof. I define an unnecessary pitch as one that is thrown after the 3rd out should have been made, similar to an unearned run. Even though my teams werent ever very good. View all-time leaders in on-base percentage at Baseball-Reference.com: single-season, career,year-by-year. This includes anytime that the count after the first pitch was 0-1, or anytime the ball was put into play on the first pitch of a plate appearance. He found that when a pitcher throws a strike on the first pitch of the at bat, hitters collected a .261 batting average. Craig Burley, "The Hardball Times", Oct. 15, 2004, ", natsstats, "Federal Baseball", Feb. 8, 2010, ", Jack Magruder, "Fox Sports Arizona", Aug. 6, 2010, ", Craig Burley's 2004 study in The Hardball Times, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First-pitch_strike&oldid=1026785666, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The 20 lowest ERAs by MLB starters in 2009 are plotted in black, Pitchers who were on the Nationals roster at the time of the article's creation are in red (minimum 15 innings pitched in 2009), This page was last edited on 4 June 2021, at 07:07. Like Dominance rate, Control (BB/9) rate is another indicator in our toolbox that has driven our pitching roster decisions for a long time. Swinging Strike Rate coincides heavily with Contact%, so when you see a high Swinging Strike rate, you can generally expect a low Contact% and therefore a lower batting average. The results will pop up below the calculate button, and will include: Rafter Length, Total Size / Area, and Pitch. A pitcher's innings total (or outs induced) doesn't come into play. Now for the next one, he is very difficult to hit. Thats a terrifying decline. Base On Balls Percentage = Walks / Official At Bats. For example, a pitcher with a FpK% of 60% (average level for a starting pitcher) is expected to have a 2.9 Ctl. Large increases in FpK% from one season to the next typically were offset by similarly large reductions within the same three-year period. He threw 5 unnecessary pitches because he should never have had to pitch to that last batter. Again, the goal is a simple measure of balls to strikes. Like so many things in life, one reason things like percentages and stats arent better understood is because people dont bother to try, out of the belief that people wont understand them. It sounds extreme to project anyone to have a 50 point regression in batting average, but thats exactly what I expect to happen with Garcia in 2018 after looking into his plate discipline. Track Progress; Experts will give you an answer in real-time; Fast Delivery; His ERA is completely misleading in that regard. The average major leaguer swings at around 45% of pitches; in 2017 it was Avisail Garcia, who led the league with a 59% Swing%. That way youll be able to easily see what progress, if any, is taking place. He's swinging at the first pitch -- the ones in the strike zone, anyway -- at nearly a career high, nearly two-thirds of them. I understand what youre saying, but I dont quite understand why what age group is being discussed has to do with the process of how the numbers are analyzed. Sabermetric Series, Part 3: Plate Discipline, Top 500 Fantasy Baseball Dynasty Rankings, Fantasy 101: How to Play Rotisserie Baseball, 2023 Fantasy Baseball Position Eligibility, Fantasy EPL 101 How to Play Draft Premier League, 2023 Fantasy Baseball: Points Leagues Sleepers Hitters, Canadian Baseball Prospects and Team Canada World Baseball Classic Roster. In 2017, he had a 72.4% Contact%, 16.2% SwStr%, and 39.8% O-Swing% that are all similar to his career rates. I understand keeping the talk of wins and losses to ones self, but I dont quite understand why the conversation about strike %s and ball counts should be kept a secret. So when youre talking about an improvement in only 6 points, youre really talking about an improvement of something around 30%, and thats huge. This confirms that FpK% does not regress towards league norms. Calculation: Harvey's walk rate is down to 2.2 per nine, and he entered Wednesday ranking 18th in the Majors with 66.9-percent first-pitch strikes, according to FanGraphs. Contact% is, as it sounds, the overall percentage of contact youre making per swing. Pitchers: A higher F-Strike% is preferable for pitchers. The league average here is 37.6 percent and the standard deviation is a whopping 11.0. He owns a 2.1 Ctl after 10 starts. Jimster, thanks for the umps perspective. As it goes down, walks are likely to increase, as will WHIP. If the plate ump calls a strike, foul ball, tipped pitch, the pitch is considered a strike, no matter the location. For example, if a player is hitting .325 but has a 65% contact rate, 50% chase rate, and 15% swinging strike rate, you can tell pretty quickly that said players .325 average should be coming down in a big way. I use the 70% threshold as the mark where I start to worry about a player making too little contact. So, he swings out of his shoes all the time and throws any semblance of a two-strike approach to the wind. My strike gets more true as the kids get older because the kids get better at throwing strikes. Here is a list of the plate discipline stats well be looking at today: Go ahead and pull up any player page on Fangraphs and follow along with this, if you wish. Enter the span (also known as gable side width), and the rise above the base line. Baseball HQ is intended for entertainment purposes only. Give him that additional foot all the way around and it goes to almost 1,970 sqin, and thats huge! If you want success on the mound: THROW 1ST PITCH STRIKES. Based on his two outings this spring, he is very difficult to hit, and when the batters do connect, its almost always a ground ball. Links and Resources: 2011 chevrolet suburban 1500 lt towing capacity / 3 and 4 combination in numerology / 3 and 4 combination in numerology Heres how Im looking at it. I have to go with scorekeeper in this instance for a few reasons. When a pitcher starts an at-bat with a strike, there is a 92.7% statistical chance that at-bat will result in an out, and the number of strike outs that start with a first pitch strike is 69%; moreover, the percentage of at-bats that began with a first pitch ball sits at 70%. We can forecast future changes of control rate for pitchers whose FpK% is out of line with a control rate normally associated with that level of FpK%. 660 pitchers threw at least 48% strikes. khloe kardashian hidden hills house address Danh mc Last night, DD pitched a full gameher count was roughly 50 strikes/30 balls (some questionable)she only walked 2 in 4.5 innings (drop dead on time). As the months and years pass, your boy is going to grow and change physically, altering a lot of what you see now. Also, in that season, he had a career high in wins, starts, innings pitched, and strike outs along with career best ERA and WHIP. The top Strike to-Ball Percentage was 69% thrown by 7 pitchers, 68% by 10 pitchers. To find the on base percentage, you add the players hits, hits by pitch, and bases on balls together; you then divide that number by the sum of the at bats, hits by pitch, bases on balls, and sacrifice flies. Updated: Friday, March 3, 2023 11:11 PM ET, Park Factors A pitcher needs to hit 80% of their spots, but that number varies on how you define "spot". The Value of Low Velocity & Speed Spreads, [VIDEO] A Potpourri on Hitting and Offense, Strategies on Pitch Tracking & Pitch Recognition. Personally, I like to see how all the runs that score got on, but keeping it simple, if you just track total runs and how many of those got on by a walk or HBP, youd prolly have a very powerful metric to show your pitchers. Thank you for posting that. Softball message board with discussions on softball hitting, softball pitching, coaching youth softball and where you can get softball drills and softball tips. In order to get a real idea about this one would take a lot more work, but I think it would really instructive. Batting Average - Puts a player's runs in comparison with the number of times they have been out. I would focus on having simple smooth mechanics and hope that translates into strikes. The On Base Percentage Calculator (OBP Calculator) is used to calculate the on base percentage (abbreviated OBP). We've found that throwing a first-pitch strike is one of the best ways to get your walk rate down. Gallo doesnt care about average; he just wants to hit dingers. My problem with this is that counting just the marked strikes limits you to two per at-bat, which ignores fouls with two strikes, but counts fouls with less than two strikes which seems very arbitrary. The first pitcher, the "strike one" pitcher, has an expected ERA (earned run average) of about 3.60. It refers to pitches outside the zone that a batter swings at, commonly known as chasing what is often times a bad pitch. Ive also always tracked 1st pitch strikes too. According to FanGraphs.com, as of Aug. 11, 2010, the three starting pitchers with the highest first-pitch strike percentages were Cliff Lee (70.8 percent), Carl Pavano (68 percent), and Roy Halladay (67.6 percent). In four innings, he gave up only one hit, but put about 6 runners on base and luckily gave up no runs. Conversely, the league laggard, if you will, was Xander Bogaerts with just a 53% Z-Swing%. These stats are way down on the player page, but they are very important if you want to get a true sense of a players skill set and approach. I want to reward a ground ball as much as a called strike in this perspective. In 2016, Kyle Hendricks of the Chicago Cubs and Johnny Queto of the SF Giants lead the league in first pitch strike percentage, and for Hendricks it was an unforgettable season. As a reminder, correlations can range from +1.0 to -1.0. He took the second pitch, too, as Kyle Freeland struggled with his command. F-Strike% (First Pitch Strike Percentage): Percentage of PA that begin with a strike. by . Rather than keep what knowledge he gains to himself, Id like to see SouthpawDad encourage other parents and players to take more of an interest like hes done. I also suggest tracking the cumulative numbers as well as the strike percentage per game. Despite this lip service, however, the Twins have been below-average in the frequency with which they throw first-pitch strikes over the last three seasons. We also collect stats on opponents you've played. Scorekeeping, live video streaming and team management - GameChanger is the one app for every team. Following a 2009 season in which he won just three games in 14 starts and had an ERA of 4.91, Vargas took a new approach. Just remember that during your sons appearances (in this age group) hell be getting his counts from umpires that will sometimes call strikes and balls using a strike zone thats from the nose-to-the-toes. 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