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go, to gaggan (III red), ~ before (someone/something) = faurbigaggan (III red) ~ with = migaggan (III red) Dr. Elke Hedstrom. A few fragments of their language dating to the 16th century exist today. (For as intention) dative use, eg. ! U) ointment (n.) salbons (f. I) dative *dateibus (m. U) forgive, to fraletan (red abl) west 1. demonologist 1. *butwraun (loan from Greek) *ankwa (masc. higher 1. hauhis 2. auhuma (comp. salt, to saltan (III red) rainbow *rignabuga (m. N) skauns (adj. exactly (adv.) Saturday (n.) sabbato (undeclinable) pyramid *pwramis shame aiwiski (n. Ja) hungry gredags (adj. "[22], The reconstructed Proto-Slavic language features several apparent borrowed words from East Germanic (presumably Gothic), such as *xlb, "bread", vs. Gothic hlaifs.[23]. actually (adv.) electronics *elaiktraunika (n. A plural) Frederik Kortlandt has agreed with Maczak's hypothesis, stating: "I think that his argument is correct and that it is time to abandon Iordanes' classic view that the Goths came from Scandinavia. boast, to hwopan (V red) Ja) (far from home) salutation goleins (f. I/O) In evaluating medieval texts that mention the Goths, it must be noted that many writers used "Goths" to mean any Germanic people in eastern Europe, many of whom certainly did not use the Gothic language as known from the Gothic Bible. subculture *minniza (comp.) account (n.) 1. A) big mikils (adj. keyboard *bokabaurd (n. A) (computer) A) nail, to (v.) ganagljan (I weak i) (relative pronoun) see which cease, to sweiban (i abl) , not ~ = ni hweilan (III weak) C For the most part, Gothic is known to be significantly closer to Proto-Germanic than any other Germanic language except for that of the (scantily attested) early Norse runic inscriptions, which has made it invaluable in the reconstruction of Proto-Germanic. I don't know (Ni kann) - generally not knowing Most Popular Phrases in Scots Gaelic to English. Netherlands *niralanda (n. A) (plural) A) Galilee Galeilaius (m. U/I) (Waila mag, awiliudo us. A light, to tandjan (I weak i) deceitfullness afmarzeins (f. I/O) A) satisfied (adj.) grandmother awo (f. N) flaming (adj.) from dissat "he seized" (notice again the voicing of diz-), ga-u-a-si "whether he saw anything" from gasi "he saw".[20]. aljaleikos (part-perf) mourning gaunous (m. U) (Gali!) In fact, Gothic tends to serve as the primary foundation for reconstructing Proto-Germanic. join, to ~ together = gagatilon (II weak) duchess *harjatugo (f. N) omnibus *allakarrahago (f. N) (W.E.) weight kaurei (f. N) Arabia (n.) Arabia (f. Undeclined) A), ~ language = *Haibraiwiska (adj. gatarhis (adj. magic lubjaleisei (f. N) ), only in: The elder serves the ~ = sa maiza skalkino amma minizin Excuse me bishop aipiskaupus (m. U), office of a ~ = aipiskaupei Stand With Ukraine! circumcision bimaita (f. O) qam sunana landis he came from the south of the country ), from the ~ = *naurana (+ gen), in the ~ = *naurar (+ dat. adult (n.) uswahsans (pret-pres) (Ni wait) - not knowing a fact glaggwuba (adv.) steward fauragaggja (m. N) hew, to ~ out = ushulon (II weak) suffering winno (f. N) news spill (n. A) servant 1. skalks (m. A) 2. iumagus (m. U) (young boy) 3. magus (m. U) (a young boy) 4. important wulrais (genitive of sing. lame halts (adj. sorrow 1. gauria (f. O) 2. sair (n. A) A) concupiscence (n.) gairuni (n. Ja) demonological *unhulaleis (adj. *Walhisks (adj. (imp.) amber route (n.) 1. care (n.) 1. kara (f. O), he ~s about .. = .. (gen) imma kara ist, to take ~ of = gakaron (II weak) (perf. wild (adj.) Spain *Heispanja (f. O) *draka (m. An) forum (n.) *mal (n. A) (online too) *unhulaleisa (f. O) (declined like an adjective) contrary andaneis (adj. precept anabusns (f. I) revenge, to fraweitan (I abl) dragma drakma (m. N) mankind manases (f. I) old (adj.) Cons.) list wiko (f. N) For list: since a list is simply a series of words, etc., one could possibly use wiko (fem. *sugan (II abl) m Gothic (n.) *Gutisk (n. A), Gutrazda (f. O) woe O woe = wai bee (n.) *biwa (f. Wo) Heinrich May in 1968 claimed to have found in England twelve leaves of a palimpsest containing parts of the Gospel of Matthew. south 1. odour (n.) dauns (f. I) smell dauns (f. I) household gards (m. I) A) The Gothic language makes a distinction between three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. country land (n. A) Kroonen (2013: 50) gives the masculine n-stem as more basic; the u-stem form is likely an analogical innovation based on the original acc. (Hilp!) fable spill (n. A) division missaqiss (f. I) (in opinion between people) ring fight brakja (f. Jo) (wrestling) Where's the toilet / bathroom? unless sware danger 1. bireikei (f. N) (the state of being in danger) 2. sleiei (f. N) (potential external harm or destruction) Just like in normal dictionaries, ~ means a repetition of the main word. Goths Gutiuda (f. O) among the ~ ana Gutiudai soei/sei (sei is used more frequently then soei) whosoever hwazuh saei (masc. mortality *diwanei (f. N) [27], The Thorvaldsen museum also has an alliterative poem, "Thunravalds Sunau", from 1841 by Massmann, the first publisher of the Skeireins, written in the Gothic language. Ja), far from ~ = afhaimeis (adj. debt skuld (n. A) Ja) *smairw (n. A) 3. penny 1. assarjus (m. U) 2. kintus (m. U) *arbaidilus (adj. Minecraft *meinakrafts (f. I) *aromata) (n. A) (W.E.) goodness selei (f. N) The morphological passive in North Germanic languages (Swedish gr "does", grs "is being done") originates from the Old Norse middle voice, which is an innovation not inherited from Indo-European. A) spiritual ahmeins (adj. online *anaganatjis (adj. mock, to bilaikan (I red) sex samakuns (adj. A) ruler fraujinonds (m. Nd) victory sigis (n. A) surmising anaminds (f. I) dig, to (v.) usgraban (VI abl.) assembly (n.) gaqums (f. I) transfigure, to inmaidjan (I i weak) A strong) fairhwubadus (m. U), to go to ~ = driugan (II weak) weekend *sabbatons andeis (m. Ja) A) *blutu (n. A) (as a loanword from English) praise, to hazjan (I weak j) It's the same for runes, the first six letters are F U Th A R K. same sama (adj. sacrifice 1. hunsl (n. A) 2. saus (m. I) philosopher 1. handugs (m. A) (declined like an adjective) 2. handuga (f. O) (declined like an adjective) A) calm wis (n. A) (of water) poem *liu (n. A) costly galaufs (adj. love, to frijon (II weak) + acc *kneifs (m. A) 2. A) openly andaugjo fig smakka (m. N) telegraph (neol) fairramelja (m. N) biuhts (adj. A, masc. war *badus (m. U), second world ~ = anar (adj. While there is a single dental in the Old English suffix, Gothic shows the sequence -dd-in plural forms.. 2.2 Gothic and the Germanic Family Tree Geat *gauts (m. A) bewail, to (v.) flokan (V red) slaughter slauhts (f. I) (the act of slaughter) symbology *taiknileisei (f. N) partiality wiljahalei (f. N) correction garaihteins (f. I/O) righteousness garaihteins (f. I/O) finger figgrs (m. A) means (n.) by all ~ = in allaim stadim No matter what your Gothic translation needs are, Translation Services USA can provide for them. predestinate, to fauragaraidan (abl red) (he/she predestinated = fauragarairo) Latin follows the same rule with nu ("I have learned" and "I know"). car (n.) 1. raida (f. O) (based on Gothic alphabet letter): 2. Official languagein: 67 countries 27 non-sovereign entities Various organisations United Nations European Union Commonwealth of Nations Council of Europe ICC IMF IOC ISO NATO WTO NAFTA OAS OECD OIC OPEC GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development PIF UKUSA Agreement ASEAN ASEAN Economic Community SAARC CARICOM Turkic Council ECO. arranged (adj.) enlighten, to inliuhtjan (I weak i) A) *hairtaleis (m. A) (declined as adjective) 2. awake, to (v.) gawaknan (IV weak) 2. usskarjan (I weak j) (awake from something bad, power from evil) (m. fallow *falws (adj. hay (n.) hawi (n. Ja) floor garask (n. A) *~ language, the ~ means Gothic. U) 2. A) in ~ = in analaugnein honesty gariudi (n. Ja) Rome Ruma (f. O) stave walus (m. U) email 1. afhaimeis (adj. receiving andanumts (f. I) smite, to (v.) stautan (red II) Pl.) disputer sokareis (m. Ja) observe, to (v.) witan (III) + dative accusative (n.) *akkusateibus (m. U) Barewalls provides art prints of over 64 Million images! theology *gudleisei (f. N) Austria (n.) *australand (n. A) proud-hearted hauhhairts (adj. *bruns (adj. sit, to sitan (V abl) plur. westwards *wistar T (add up to) The common language of the Imperium is represented in the book by English, proper names have been rendered in an anglicised form. Accentuation in Gothic can be reconstructed through phonetic comparison, Grimm's law, and Verner's law. girdle gairda (f. O) trip wratodus (m. U) spleen *miltja able mahteigs (adj. *bokarazn (n. A) 2. A) settle, to (v.) gatulgjan (I weak i) n-stem), which would give a Gothic *kaupa (masc. A) Romanian (adj.) unhweila (adj. *krigglo (f. N) (cf. minstrel swiglja (m. N) gold gul (n. A) soul saiwala (f. O) Try to translate these Gothic sentences from the Gothic Bible yourself: gagg = go! *blaugja (m. N) (male blogger) 2. along (adv.) acc. Gothic is the only language of the Germanic family to employ a polysyllabic dental suffix in forming the preterite of weak verbs. bush bramble ~ = aihwatundi (f. Jo) fright agis (n. A) fuller wullareis (m. Ja) heal, to leikinon (II weak) 2. wairs = tojam) cinder azgo (f. N) For a more specific result, add the case ("NOM", "ACC", "GEN" or "DAT"), and to narrow it down even more, add another underscore and the grammatical number ("_SING" or "_PLUR"), Note: as there are two different forms of the masculine -Ja stem (short and long), accessing them here is accomplished as shown below. network *ganati (n. Ja) hymn (n.) hazeins (f. I/O) euro (n.) *awr (n. N) seed (n.) fraiw (n. A) Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. block, to faurdammjan (I i weak) (as in to block the way) dry aursus (adj. It was published privately in 1936 for Tolkien and his colleague E. V. to translate written text from one language into another. stedfast tulgus (adj. A) razda 3. Translator for all languages. *Rus (m. A) (citizen) 2. container ~ for transport = *barils (m. A) peaceful gawaireigs (adj. anarchistic (adj.) When more translations are available, the most prevalent is given first. newness niujia (f. O) aroma (n.) *aroma (pl. ? conspire, to birunan (III) hear, to 1. hausjan (I i weak) 2. hausjon (II weak) groan, to inrauhtjan (I weak i) paper *karta (f. O) (Parting phrases) (Golja uk) capital city (n.) *haubidabaurgs (f. Cons) barely (adv.) accurate (adj.) aan in allamma gabairhtidai in allaim du izwis.) crown, to weipan (I abl) A) suit, to gatiman (IV) wheel 1. cow *kos (f. Cons) defiled, to be bisaulnan (IV weak) cry, to (v.) wopjan (I weak i) dispensation fauragaggi (n. Ja) urology *hlandaleisei (f. N) sycamine tree bairabagms (m. A) The causative of this verb is laisjan (to make s.o. camp bibaurgeins (f. I/O) love frijawa (f. O), brotherly ~ = brorulubo (f. N) act (n.) gades (f. I) A) 3. spediza (Comp. imprisonment karkara (f. O) Greece *Krekaland (n. A) winter wintrus (m. U) The Romance languages of Iberia also preserve several loanwords from Gothic, such as Portuguese agasalho (warm clothing), from Gothic * (*gasalja, companion, comrade); ganso (goose), from Gothic * (*gans, "goose"); luva (glove), from Gothic (lfa, palm of the hand); and trgua (truce), from Gothic (triggwa, treaty; covenant). Belarussian 1. *pswkiatreijo (f. N) new niujis (adj. laugh, to ~ at = bihlahjan (VI) excuse oneself, to 1. sik faurqianana/a haban, (m) excuse me = habai mik faurqianana (f) habai mik faurqiana 2. sunjon (II weak) There is not so much data about this language anywhere . plur., dat. immortal unriurs (adj. destruction fralusts (f. I) witch *haljaruna (f. O) High gothic is not a real language, so you can't really use google translate for entire sentences. A) answer (n.) andahafts (f. I) Greek Kreks (m. A) shoes gaskohi (n. Ja) fly, to *fliugan (II) Moreover, Gothic haven, harbour was more likely *habana, given that the Celtic cognates suggest a Proto-Germanic *habano (fem. A) greater maiza (Comp.) crooked wraiqs (adj. circumcise, to bimaitan (I red) robot 1. singleness ainfalei (f. N) For chocolate *kakawamats (lit. napkin aurali (n. Ja) bar (n.) ans (m. A) anything hwa (declined like ata) A) anonymous (adj.) deafness 1. daubia (f. O) 2. daubei (f. N) darkness riqis (n. A) *hairtaleisa (f. O) (declined as adjective) bosom barms (m. I) patience usulains (f. I) A) B preferable ishun brook (n.) rinno (f. N) close nehwa (near) + dat Goth Guta (m. A) multilingual (adj.) Furthermore, the doubling of written consonants between vowels suggests that Gothic made distinctions between long and short, or geminated consonants: atta [ata] "dad", kunnan [kunan] "to know" (Dutch kennen, German kennen "to know", Icelandic kunna). dissemble, to (v.) ~ with someone = militjan (I weak j) + dat (And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him , Gal. sower (n.) saiands (pres-part) Goodbye Hierapolis Iairapaulei (noun) Cons.) barrel (n.) *barils (m. A) Acc.) secretly (adv.) = dative U) cross 1. 2. bruks (adj. such swaleiks (adj. form (n.) hiwi (n. Ja) A) 2. garaihts (adj. scheme, to (v.) bruggwn (II weak) (in a bad sense, as in to make evil plans) This parallels the Greek and Sanskrit perfects. Author's Note on Language. reward, to usgildan (III abl.) basket (n.) tainjo (f. N) Herodian Herodianus (m. U/I) glitter, to (v.) glitmunjan (I weak i) *wigaskip (n. A) Germanism *Gairmanismus (m. U) bond kunawida (f. O) A) A related language, Crimean Gothic, persisted until the 18th century, but it is debated whether or not this is a descendant of standard/Wulfilian Gothic. strong) gatarhis (adj. A strong) 2. sums (one of people, so: one man = sums manna) apostle (n.) apaustaulus (m. U/I) How old are you? left (adj.) dream, to *draumjan (heavy i weak), I dreamed = mik draumida A) strait aggwus (adj. *rahneins (f. I/O) (online) 2. rajo (f. N) adjurer (n.) *biswarands (m. Nd)/*biswarandi (f. Jo) *hundjo (f. N) 3. thirtieth *rijatiguda (comp.) I have to, use skulan (pret. gracious huls (adj. surround, to bisatjan (I j weak) pay, to 1. usgiban (V abl) 2. usgildan (V abl) fan winiskauro (f. N) (to blow wind) 1. godakunds (adj. elbow *aleinabuga (m. N) the word elbow meant originally ell-bow, an ell being a measurement. because 1. due 2. unte (Only in initial position.) priority frumadei (f. N) A minority opinion (the so-called Gotho-Nordic hypothesis) instead groups North Germanic and East Germanic together. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. A) Accents do not shift when words are inflected. A) N. 11: in fact (synonym of actually), in every way we have made this evident to you in all things. every 1. hwarjis (m.) (dat. tent hleira (f. O) acknowledge, to (v.) andhaitan (red I. geology *airaleisei (f. N) declaration insahts (f. I) usstagg! A), ~ loaf = barizeins hlaifs (m. A) cooked ~ = *finja (f. O) (Attested as the Gothic word fenea in De observatione Ciborum from Anthimus and as fingia in the Liber derivationum from Ugutio, the reconstruction given here is in Wulfilan Gothic) hair (n.) 1. tagl (n. A) (a single hair) 2. hrusk (n. A) (all the hair on the head) creature (n.) gaskafts (f. I) ", "*?" A) (food or product which is from the wild) deposit wadi (n. Ja) idea mitons (f. I) weighty kaurus (adj. Terms of use (please read and accept before using the dictionary). change, to 1. inmaidjan (I i weak) 2. *Tsjaiks (m. A) (citizen) 2. A) emperor (n.) kaisar (m. A) dat. author (n.) bokareis (m. Ja) A weak), the ~ son = sunus ainaha relate, to (v.) spillon (II weak) (synonyme of to narrate) beer (n.) *alu (n. U), barley ~ = barizalu (n. U), black ~ = swartalu (n. U), wheat ~ = hwaitjalu (n. U), white ~ = hweitalu (n. U) eel *els (m. A) A) (only occurs once in the skeireins) f. O = -a, -os, -ai, -a, -os, -o, -om, -os, -os. ! corporeal leikeins (adj. aunt (n.) 1. angry (adj.) In De incrementis ecclesiae Christianae (840842), Walafrid Strabo, a Frankish monk who lived in Swabia, writes of a group of monks who reported that even then certain peoples in Scythia (Dobruja), especially around Tomis, spoke a sermo Theotiscus ('Germanic language'), the language of the Gothic translation of the Bible, and that they used such a liturgy.[9]. *sauhtar (m. R) (brothers son) (Reconstructed by Nelson Goering) already (adv.) Czech republic *Tsjaikaland (n. A) A) Lexilogos is a comprehensive set of resources. ministery *andbahti (n. Ja) b. Germanic; Teutonic. Roman (n.) Rumonus (m. U/I) father 1. atta (m. N) 2. fadar (m. R) (Only occurs once and used for an earthly father, but atta can be used for an earthly father too.) Pl. Cons.) . begin, to (v.) anastodjan (I weak i) grave 1. hlaiw (n. A) 2. garius (adj. question sokns (f. I) weary (adj.) either ~ or = andizuh aiau overcharge, to anakaurjan (I weak i) ~ of words = waurdajiuka (f. O) You can use your voice or keyboard to enter the text, then read or listen to the translation. A, weak) roof hrot (n. A) want" from wilei "you (pl.) resurrection 1. usstass (f. I) 2. urrists (f. I) (only once) Learn more dream 1. deceit liutei (f. N) A) Romania (n.) *Dakia (declined as f. O) late seius (adj. A) A) footstool (n.) fotubaurd (n. A) axe (n.) aqizi (f. Jo) call, to atlaon (II weak) moneychanger skattja (m. N) origin ussateins (f. I/O) fruit akran (n. A), to bring ~ = gawrisqan (III abl) window augadauro (n. N) Old Norse: heims-kringla) 2. toe *tains (m. A) U) temptation fraistubni (f. Jo) urinate, to *meigan (I) form) Check out this site right here: Apart from biblical texts, the only substantial Gothic document that still exists - and the only lengthy text known to have been composed originally in the Gothic language - is the Skeireins, a few pages of commentary on the Gospel of John. *frijatimrja (m. N) It can be frijatimrja rather than *freitimrja. summer asans (f. I) wind winds (m. A) beggar (n.) bidagwa (m. N) *gaitisugja (m. N) (reconstructed by B. P. Johnson) 2. Example: Hunds meins beiti bain sein. magpie *ago (f. N) The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. ), is (m./n. shirt paida (f. O) astrologist (n.) 1. An exhaustive table of only the types of endings that Gothic took is presented below. *filurazds (m./f. attention (n.) *gums (m. A) for the study of the languages of the world. border, to gamarkon (II weak) earnest wadi (n. Ja) ghost ahma (m. N) (disembodied spirit) next the ~ day = iftumin daga difference 1. gaskaideins (f. I/O) 2. anarleikei (f. N) (only in skeireins) Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in a fraction of a second. Magdeburg (neol) Magasbaurgs (f. Cons) *bilaigons (f. I) 2. Yiddish 1. (Greek) anakunnan (III) few faus (adj. startled, to be galahsnan (IV weak) EN. stony stainahs (adj. (sing) (both informal and formal) eins (posessive pronoun, always declined strongly) 2. palm ~ of hand = lofa (noun) A) + dat, to be ~ on = hatizon (II weak) + dat someone sums (adj. honestly garedaba murmuring birodeins (f. I/O) Saei, (n. remember, to gamunan (pret-pres) + gen. week 1. sabbato (f. N) 2. wiko (f. N) (attested only once) memory gamaudeins (f. I/O) A) *Bailgisks (adj. Created by 27dudek27sep27. In fact, Translation Services USA is the only agency in the market which can fully translate Gothic to literally any language in the world! I ik (only used for comparison or emphasis) possession gafreideins (f. I/O) celestial body tuggl (n. A) see, to (v.) saihwan (V abl.) A) A) *razdasandja (f. O) 2. a-stem). white, to hweitjan (I i weak) clearly *skeiriba (adv) (as in clearly understanding) *frijatimreins (f. I/O) Please write it down (Melei ata) In most compound words, the location of the stress depends on the type of compound: For example, with comparable words from modern Germanic languages: Gothic preserves many archaic Indo-European features that are not always present in modern Germanic languages, in particular the rich Indo-European declension system. power mahts (f. I) A) Finn *Finnahais (m. A) A) + gen (gen. is used when translated as full of) Gothic synonyms, Gothic pronunciation, Gothic translation, English dictionary definition of Gothic. partake, to fairaihan (pret-pres) + gen. *blostreis (m. Ja), ~ of God = gudblostreis (m. Ja) 2. *Gronilandisks (adj. A) (aiwa magath?) renew, to ananiujan (I weak) anar (adj. In exterminating Arianism, many texts in Gothic will have been expunged, and overwritten as palimpsests, or collected and burned, as Trinitarian Christianity triumphed. cheerfulness hlasei (f. N) judge (n.) staua (m. N) *kneiba (m. N) 3. austere hardus (adj. coming qums (m. I) singer liuareis (m. Ja) Two-and-a-half centuries have passed since it was born into a Britain on the cusp of the Industrial Revolution's wrenching . consist, to (v.) ussatis (I weak j) wisan, and by him all things consist = jah alla in imma ussatida sind. The Codex Argenteus, a translation of the Bible produced in the 6th century (but copied from a 4th century version), is the most well-known source for Gothic, but the language has a significant body of texts in comparison with other Eastern Germanic languages. *barnalubja (m. N) (male) 2. *anarxists (adj. A few Gothic runic inscriptions were found across Europe, but due to early Christianization of the Goths, the Runic writing was quickly replaced by the newly invented Gothic alphabet. proud hauhuhts (adj. Instructions. state reiki (n. Ja) certain sums (adj. thirst aurstei (f. N) flow(v.) gutnan (IV weak) moderation anawiljei (f. N) Gothic inherited the full set of Indo-European pronouns: personal pronouns (including reflexive pronouns for each of the three grammatical persons), possessive pronouns, both simple and compound demonstratives, relative pronouns, interrogatives and indefinite pronouns. table 1. bius *(m. A) (table to eat) 2. mes (n. A) (table for working) 3. writing ~ = spilda (f. O), ~ of stone = spilda (f. O) staineina (adj. attendant (n.) *sagja (m. N) [Wrede 1891: 110] suck, to 1. daddjan (I weak i) 2. offend, to (v.) afmarzjan (I i weak) stinking fuls (adj. whether ei, ~ or = jae jae near nehwa son sunus (m. U) A) A) 2. gaguds (adj) *Dakisks (adj. Dalmatia Dalmatia (f. Declined as O) Gothic was an East-Germanic language spoken by the Visigoths and Ostrogoths. (m.) ize 2. However, for the most part these represent shared retentions, which are not valid means of grouping languages. hunger 1. gredus (m. U) 2. huhrus (m. U) The idea of this series is to practice a little bit of Gothic every week. Some Gothic language New Testament texts are found today in a few palimpsests and in other fragments, such as the Codex Carolinus in Wolfenbttel, as well as codices in Milan, Turin and the Vatican. theocracy (n.) 1. employee (n.) gawaurstwa (m. N) repay, to fragildan (III abl) + dat entire (adj.) spin, to (v.) spinnan (III) lighthouse *liuhadakelikn (n. A) ball (n.) *balla (m. N) The cognates are: magical *lubjaleis (adj. shine, to glitmunjan (I i weak), ~ round = biskeinan (I abl) produce, to usbairan (IV abl.) virginity magaei (f. N) n-stem.buy, to bugjan (I weak j) Perhaps the most obvious is the evolution of the Proto-Germanic *-jj- and *-ww- into Gothic ddj (from Pre-Gothic ggj?) heiress arbjo (f. N) present, to atsatjan (I i weak j) palace rohsns (f. I) Tolkien) bury, to ganawistron (II weak) (perf.) body leik (n. A) labour arbais (f. I) + dat for persons or acc for things 2. gamainjan (I weak i) theoretical examples: It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus, a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizable text corpus. We also offer services for Gothic interpretation, voice-overs, transcriptions, and multilingual search engine optimization. ballo, pallo < *ball (masc. They can set their learning hours. A plural) *data (n. A plural) laying ~ of the hands = analageins (f. I/O) butcher skilja (m. N) sharply hwassaba (as in severely) Weak) amazement (n.) usfilmei (f. N), ~n dissitan = to be amazed hidden 1. analaugns (adj. o-stem) and not **habno. grace ansts (f. I) weeping grets (m. A) English / Gutiska (Gothic) A) Ja) 2. = accusative Slav *Sklabens (m. A) (W.E.) My hovercraft is full of eels [28] Massmann also translated the academic commercium song Gaudeamus into Gothic in 1837.