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Music programming was the most prevalent throughout the decade, and despite the growth in news, dramas, and comedies, by 1940 music still provided 50 percent of radio programming. The networks merely provided the airtime and studio facilities. Jack Benny (18941974). Very quickly programs became fairly sophisticated in these techniques. Sean Hannity. Productions were often broadcast during "prime time" evening hours so families could enjoy the shows together. The dramas were called soap operas because manufacturers of the major brands of soap, including Proctor and Gamble and Lever Brothers, sponsored them. New York: Crown Publishing Croup, 2000. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Radios provided an avenue for information that supplemented local newspaper. October 1999. Marjorie Finlay also had her own TV show, which had viewership in the USA and Europe. They felt that if a single company owned all of the radio stations and newspapers in one town, they would not express a variety of views. Radio proved its importance during World War II (1939-45) with almost immediate coverage of events. Comedies took on issues of race relations, poverty, and cultural misunderstandings, providing a framework to help people make sense of their rapidly changing country and world. Many radio shows were broadcast all over the country, and served to create a community of shared experience for a diverse and widespread world. Singing commercials became popular. Already famous for his radio career in the 1940s, Murrow led news into television as well. Individual or local or state effort alone cannot protect us in 1937 any better than ten years ago. A fundamental shift in American broadcasting came with the realization by the late 1920s that individual stations could easily share the cost of providing programs as a part of a broader network service with national appeal. Amos: Where you goin'? . October 2nd, 1924, the day WCCO Radio came to the airwaves of Minnesota. Listening in: Radio and the American Imagination: From Amos 'n' Andy and Edward R. Murrow to Wolfman Jack and Howard Stern. Through four decades,, Radio Address Roosevelt's Defense of the New Deal, Radio Broadcasting, Station Programming and, http://www.old-time.com/otrlogs/390921.html, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-and-education-magazines/radio-1929-1941, Compare the growth in and uses of radio during the 1930s with the growth and use of. Andy: Yere's de well right yere. Hattie McDaniel took over in Nov of 1947. Powerful gossip columnist Louella Parsonswhose show, Hollywood Hotel, debuted on CBS in October 1934surmounted this fee by inducing top film stars to appear on her program for free. Soon the reports made clear that the entire world had been invaded by Martians who planned on taking over the planet. A master ad libber, Allen often tangled with his network's executives (and often barbed them on the air over the battles), while developing routines the style and substance of which influenced contemporaries and futures among comic talents, including Groucho Marx, Stan Freberg, Henry Morgan and Johnny Carson, but his fans also included President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and novelists William Faulkner, John Steinbeck and Herman Wouk (who began his career writing for Allen). Tonight, sitting at my desk in the White House, I make my first radio report to the people in my second term of office. Sponsored by Eversharp, the first series ran on CBS Radio from July 5, 1945 to March 28, 1947. The amazing growth of radio programming during the Depression established all of the major genres in television: dramas, comedies, variety shows, soap operas, talk shows, news commentary, and more. Since the 1940s, Black disc jockeysor deejayshave been an inseparable part of Black radio. Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. Music led the way onto radio, with the broadcasting of swing and big band music in the 1920s. I <3 Gracie. Necrology of Old Radio Personalities; OTR Actors and Their Roles This page was last edited on 21 January 2023, at 02:02 (UTC). Haile Selassie (1892 - 1975) Emperor of Ethiopia 1930 - 1974. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. While not all radio programs reflected the values in tension during the Great Depression, radio was a forum for exploring the many aspects of America that were being challenged by poverty and decay. David Sarnoff (18911971). Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. FM was clearly superior in the quality of the broadcast. London and Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. Like The Whistler, the program had an opening whistle theme with footsteps. The explosion of radio was both exhilarating and exhausting. Some critics called it "bread and circuses," a narcotic for the masses to keep them from fully comprehending the situation in which they found themselves. Dat's goin' make Mister Hopkins mad if he ever find dat out. The 1950s was a decade of change for radio. Radio provided a huge and attentive audience, but it also provided unique demands. We then began a program of remedying those abuses and inequalitiesto give balance and stability to our economic systemto make it bomb-proof against the causes of 1929. ." In 1983 a television movie, "Special Bulletin" used the broadcast format to tell the fictional story of a nuclear explosion in South Carolina, and, despite regular disclaimers, caused some concern and panic. Colbert provided an escape for the women of the nation toiling under difficult economic conditions. Indeed, many objected to the commercialization of radio, among them Herbert Hoover, who said in 1924, I believe the quickest way to kill broadcasting would be to use it for direct advertising. Strong arguments were made opposing the invasion of peoples homes with commerce (although newspapers and magazines had done so for more than a century) on the grounds that it would lead to entertainment programs pitched to the mass audience, thereby limiting radios potential educational and social benefits. Actor John Houseman said of Welles and "The War of the Worlds:" "The reason that show worked as well as it did was nerve the slowness of the show in the beginning." was concerned about service to rural areas, competition in the communications industry, and recent technological advances. Nationally distributed magazines had been the key medium before the rise of radio and national broadcasting networks. The public found radio to be the most accessible form of entertainment and information available. It was created by Fibber McGee & Molly co-creator/writer Don Quinn before being adapted into a CBS television comedy (1954-55) produced by ITC Entertainment and Television Programs of America. Many peopleespecially womenlooked to soap operas for advice on how to deal with the situations life presented to them. There was a new profound sense of community, both in the homes, in which families and friends grouped around the radio, and in the discussion of the programs at work and school. That is some serious growth! Golden Age of American radio, period lasting roughly from 1930 through the 1940s, when the medium of commercial broadcast radio grew into the fabric of daily life in the United States, providing news and entertainment to a country struggling with economic depression and war. We Interrupt This Broadcast. Jun 8, 2015 - Explore April's board "Radio Stars of the 40's and 50's", followed by 2,433 people on Pinterest. As the reporter broke into the performance several times over the next few minutes, he described strange flying vehicles landing in various parts of the United States and strange creatures emerging from them. afford more talented writers and performers, and develop more compelling stories and programs. Radio, with its thrillers and mysteries, classical theater and musical performances, and slapstick and silliness, provided a means of escaping the dreariness of life. These developments proved timely as the radio provided much entertainment and a source of information for the Depression public. Harriet Hilliard, 1930's (Ozzie & Harriet), Agnes Moorehead with William Spier (Suspense producer/director). The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, Volume II, 1933 to 1953. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997. "The Maxwell House Show Boat" was a variety show that evoked nostalgia for the old-time South, making listeners forget the griminess of Depression-wracked urban America. The fireside chats were crucial to unifying the country during a difficult time and set a standard for communications by future presidents. Ronald Reagan (served 19811989) became another president skilled at using mass media to charm the public and press while seeking to gain support for his programs. Davies, Alan. . Eventually, as social workers reported, families would rather part with their icebox or other necessary appliances than with their radio. Other forms of paid entertainment had become prohibitively expensive in the lean times, and so Americans turned to radio. Jackie died on October 24, 1972 in Stanford . The list consists of 665 members. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. A coloratura soprano, she performed opera, concert, and supper club singing. Radio Priest: Charles Coughlin, the Father of Hate Radio. Douglas, Susan Jeanne. However, the record company soon sold its shares to a group of financiers that included Leon Levy, whose father-in-law was cigar magnate Sam Paley; before long, Paleys son William decided to invest his own million-dollar fortune in the new network. More Robin Quivers. The Depression listening public followed the exploits of "Babe" Ruth, Lou Gehrig ("The Iron Horse"), the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame football players, female track star Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias, the boxer Joe Louis ("The Brown Bomber"), and others. As the world moved closer to world war, Kaltenborn reported on the invasion of Austria and Czechoslovakia. They were a good investmentafter the initial expense, the family was able to enjoy drama, comedy, quiz shows, the news, and more for free in the comfort of their homes. Lackmann, Ronald. Burns and Allen, an American comedy duo consisting of George Burns and his wife, Gracie Allen, worked together as a comedy team in vaudeville, films, radio and television and achieved great success over four decades. Actors would appear on the show to plug their movies, and sometimes would appear in brief versions of their movies on "Hollywood Hotel." In the 1930s music was the foundation of radio and America's favorite escape from the Depression. By the mid-1950s American radio had moved beyond its Golden Age to modern formats such as Top 40, alternative or underground FM, talk shows, and public-service programming. WKN New evidence has been sent to us by Alfred Cowles, Jr. that his father Alfred L. Cowles, Sr. started WKN, the first Memphis radio station in 1921. Matt "Money" Smith: Initially the "sports guy" on KROQ, he rose to his own sports-talk show and . His last radio show was in 1955. At the time it was said that so many households listened to Jack Benny that you could walk the streets of small towns and not miss a word, as the sound of the program drifted through the open windows of each house. Garner, Joe. Marie Wilson portrayed the title character, Irma Peterson, on radio, in two films and a television series. She also played Butterfly, Rochester's niece and Mary Livingstone's maid in the Jack Benn. On site to report on the Hindenburg's voyage, instead the reporter's response to the tragedy was recorded and later broadcast, bringing the horror into thousands of living rooms. Some radio performers had teams of writers preparing jokes for them. Murrow's broadcasts during the Battle of Britain were often accompanied by air raid sirens or bomb explosions. Amos: I don' wants to git mixed up in dis. He was the radio quiz show host of 'Information Please!', chief editor at Simon & Schuster, and literary editor of The New Yorker magazine in the 1930s and 1940s, among other employments. In 1934 Parsons launched a variety hour, "Hollywood Hotel" that included interviews with actors and celebrity news. Previously, Simmons was a radio and television personality for Indianapolis' WHHH-FM. Early Work Advertisers were creative in positioning products. John Lennon (1940 - 1980) British musician, member of the Beatles. Andy: Instead o' payin' 'tention to whut you was doin', you was sittin' here dreamin'. Two types of music were banned when Adolph Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933: swing and jazz. Women followed the various sagas as if the characters were their neighbors. The FCC was created to regulate communication services and rates and license radio stations. 5) Petey Greene. In 1936 the Republican Party's radio dramatization, "Liberty at the Crossroads," played an important role in the campaign. Such fads were a good buy for entertainment during the Depression when budgets were tight. talks in 1938, reportingcorrectlythat Munich was a "complete victory for Hitler." As CBS News Vice President and Director of Public Affairs, Murrow remained uncomfortable as an executive and returned to reporting in 1951. Age: 70 . Adam Carolla (; born May 27, 1964) is an American comedian, radio personality, television host, actor, podcaster, and director. As censorship became stricter toward the end of the 1930s, the networks ruled that there could be no more jokes about nudity. In 1922, David Sarnoff introduced the Radiola console, which sold for $75not an insignificant amount but still within the reach of middle class citizens in the 1920s. 1. largely derived by black American musicians and frequently played by Jewish musicians. Birthplace: Pikesville, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. A guy talking in an echo chamber sounding like Arnold Stang is "Eugor", some kind of an unconscious voice that gets mixed up in the episodes. The firm would make random telephone calls to people who lived in 36 major cities. It will take timeand plenty of timeto work out our remedies administratively even after legislation is passed. NEIL: But you said it what quarter to twelve the last time I asked. Roosevelt believed he needed to keep close contact with the American people given the severe hardships many were suffering through the Great Depression and ensuring as much support as possible for his New Deal programs. The program played on the increased racism related to the hard times of the Great Depression. Murrow provided regular reports on the bombing of London in his "London After Dark" series broadcast by shortwave radio. Roosevelt's Fireside Chats set the standard for future presidents to not only use radio to communicate with the public, but the growing mass media of television in the future as well. The Radio Act of 1927 created a confusing array of federal agencies to oversee the growing industry. https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-and-education-magazines/radio-1929-1941, "Radio 1929-1941 In 1937 Welles became the voice of "The Shadow." Having delivered such addresses to the citizens of New York as governor, he delivered 28 fireside chats to the nation during his presidency. Joseph Stalin (1879 - 1953) Leader of Soviet Union 1924 - 1953. View More. As his comments became increasingly political, his anti-Semitic (Jewish), pro-Hitler views became clear, and CBS dropped his program when his comments became too inflammatory. New York: Free Press, 1996. form 1. denoting radio waves or broadcasting: radio-controlled radiogram. As radio grew into a commercial force, it became necessary to determine the popularity of particular shows, as this would affect the price of the programs advertising time. New York still had a bustling radio community, but the Chicago shows began moving to one coast or the other. Andy: Come on over yere wid me. Paley and his network worked with many of the major stars of the decade, including Jack Benny, Al Jolson, Kate Smith and Bing Crosby. As would become true with television in later decades, frequently used expressions from popular programs became part of the vernacular, and people arranged their personal schedules, as they later did with television, around their favourite programs. Bluegrass singer-songwriter Bill Monroe performs with Jimmy Martin on guitar, Buddy Killen on bass and Don Slayman on fiddle on stage at the Grand Ole Opry in . Lillian Disney. 2. Shirer reported on the dramatic surrender of France to Germany at Compaigne. A selection of shows from American radios Golden Age is presented in the table. Amos: He's li'ble to find it out though. Radio became the primary media for entertainment and, increasingly, for information.