Just as Negro league baseball seemed to be at its lowest point and was about to fade into history, along came Cumberland Posey and his Homestead Grays. $69.00 Clemmons, North Carolina, United States. After the teams game on the road against the Birmingham Black Barons was rained out, a few Red Sox players left their hotel to walk to a movie showing near downtown Birmingham, Alabama. Negro League Clubs Were Markedly Better Than Minor League Teams. But Negro League games were marquee events in the black community. WebNorth Carolina is the birthplace of about 300 major league baseball players, including six members of the Sport's Hall of Fame: Luke Appling (High Point), Rick Ferrell That was your dream, to play in the majors.. Teams didnt make it easy for you to advance.. Read the full article here: https://homeplatedontmove.wordpress.com/2014/12/20/an-nc-league-that-never-got-off-the-ground/, Cronkite School at ASU When the 1986 season started, only 5.7% of major league African Americans were pitchers. Some of Raleighs players lived in a YMCA, others shared rooms in boarding houses. Find out more. WebWhirty: A North Carolina Negro League that never got off the ground Society for American Baseball Research. 4, The number of big leaguers involved in many of these games was actually higher as the major leaguers often resorted to the use of aliases to avoid detection. The term Negro Leagues is used to describe a series of professional baseball organizations composed of African American and Latin American players that operated in the United States between 1920 and 1962. The Page Fence Giants went on to become a powerhouse team that had no home field. In 1901 the Giants folded because of a lack of a place to play. However, Negro League squads played a lot of games: Between 1920 and 1927 the Hilldale Club averaged 163 contests a season. Jump: David Festa, RHP (2022: NR | 2023: 11) As a 13th-rounder in 2021, Festa entered the organization with relatively limited expectations. Chandler's decision to overrule them may have been a factor in his ouster in 1951 in favor of Ford Frick. This followed the passing of the Quinn-Ives Act banning discrimination in hiring. This meant a larger and more affluent fan base with more money to spend. But when I was a junior in college, my father and step mother moved to a small city in eastern North Carolina called Rocky Mount. The NNL(II) and NAL also met in a World Series, usually referred to as the "Negro World Series" from 1942 to 1948 (1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948). WebIn 1920, the Birmingham Black Barons became a charter member of the eight-team Negro Southern League and ascended to the Negro American League in 1937. It was organized strictly as a minor league[2] and founded with six teams: Baltimore Lord Baltimores, Boston Resolutes, Louisville Fall City, New York Gorhams, Philadelphia Pythians, and Pittsburgh Keystones. The leagues themselves existed because, from 1899 until 1946, Black players were banned from Organized Baseball, because of the color of their skin.1, Between 1866 and 1948, top-flight African American clubs played over 7,000 games with White semi-pro, college, minor league, and major league teams and beat them nearly 65 percent of the time. Do you have a sports website? The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People petitioned the public to recognize a capital "N" in negro as a matter of respect for black people. Not every player was successful, but on the whole, and despite incredible hardships, the former Negro Leaguers out-performed their White counterparts. USA TODAY. Using statistics from the first season of the International League of Independent Professional Base Ball Clubs in 1906, through the last campaign of the Negro National League in 1948, the batting totals of the significant Black squads are noticeably lower than those of the Major Leagues. WebAll team and league information, sports logos, names contained within this site are properties of their respective leagues, teams, ownership groups and/or organizations. Note: The term First Generation, refers to black players who did not participate in the Negro Leagues and entered Organized Baseball during the first ten years of integration. Moses Fleetwood Walker and his brother, Welday Wilberforce Walker, were the first two black players in the major leagues. Opinion: Toni Stone, Connie Morgan and Mamie Johnson are the Negro League stars you need to know about. The Tigers had to stay in black hotels and carefully choose restaurants that would serve them when on the road. Join a Chapter. This list of Negro league baseball teams is split into two pages, one listing the major league Negro teams and one listing the minor league and traveling Negro teams. Over 250 miles from Raleigh with little to no money in their pockets, they were stranded, forced to hitchhike home. His list was eventually narrowed down to three: Roy Campanella, Don Newcombe and Jackie Robinson. A popular story has it that in 1943, Bill Veeck planned to buy the moribund Philadelphia Phillies and stock them with Negro league stars. Early professional leagues cannot be called major or minor. It was the only way African He led the Negro Leagues two times in home runs. Mosley says that though he reflects on those years when he attends reunions and other Negro League events, it is still something that happened in the past.. Its created this platform for guys to come down and have this nice little weekend of recognition, activities, reminiscing, he said. Even with a decline in African American participation, the number of Black major league players has been higher than the average population of the Negro Leagues in every season since 1969 and the apex of organized Blackball (around 377 players during the chaotic 1932 season) has been surpassed by Black big leaguers every year since 1995. While many players were over 30 and considered "too old" for service, Monte Irvin, Larry Doby and Leon Day of Newark; Ford Smith, Hank Thompson, Joe Greene, Willard Brown and Buck O'Neil of Kansas City; Lyman Bostock of Birmingham; and Lick Carlisle and Howard Easterling of Homestead all served. During his quarter-century tenure, he blocked all attempts at integrating the game. Rally St Louis Stars Mens Black Club Script Fashion Hood. More teams will Louis Stars, Southern League of Colored Base Ballists (1886), International League of Independent Professional Base Ball Clubs (1906), National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs of the United States and Cuba (19071909), West Coast Negro Baseball Association (1946), Historically black colleges and universities, Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC), Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL), Black players in professional American football, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Negro_league_baseball&oldid=1142584804, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2007, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2016, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 06:48. By 1948, the Dodgers, along with Veeck's Cleveland Indians, had integrated. WebUpstate man recalls time playing for Negro League, and a Greenville semi-pro football team James Perry Harrison, a Greenville native, was a standout two-sport athlete in the 60s The All Nations team would eventually become one of the best-known and popular teams of the Negro leagues, the Kansas City Monarchs. Managers urged their players to avoid wandering in public spaces, in their own cities and elsewhere. Minnie Mioso was the last Negro league player to play in a Major League game when he appeared in two games for the Chicago White Sox in 1980. Between the 1920s and 1950s there would be ten professional Black leagues, though the most successful were the Negro National League (NNL) which operated between 1920 and 1931 and then from 1933 through 1948 and the Negro American League (NAL) from 1937 to 1960.27 It is hardly coincidental that successful organized Mosley says, at first, he, along with other young black baseball players in the U.S., were inspired. Many historical player head shots courtesy of David Davis. Sixty-eight members of this first wave got as far as Triple A during the first ten years of integration while 54 graduated to the major leagues by the close of the 1959 season. Greenlee also came up with the idea to duplicate the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, except, unlike the big league method in which the sportswriters chose the players, the fans voted for the participants. And we stayed on the bus youd sleep on the bus three nights, four nights a week. Layton was inducted into the Negro League Legends Hall of Fame in 2003. This forced Foster to cancel all the Giants' home games for almost a month and threatened to become a huge embarrassment for the league. They both played for the 1884 Toledo Blue Stockings in the American Association, which was considered a major league at the time. Even though teams were league members, most still continued to barnstorm and play non-league games against local or semi-pro teams. 6, * The three Double A Leagues were reclassified Triple A in 1946. Parth Upadhyaya is a senior from Raleigh, NC, majoring in media and journalism. They had no baseball cards. In 1888, the Middle States League was formed and it admitted two all-black teams to its otherwise all-white league, the Cuban Giants and their arch-rivals, the New York Gorhams. The Henson Base Ball Club of Jamaica, Queens, defeated the Unknowns of Weeksville, Brooklyn, 54 to 43.[7]. [31][32] One of the stamps depicts Rube Foster.[33][34]. In the 39 seasons from 1959 until 1997, a Black player won the National League batting crown 32 times. The following season, Schlichter, in the finest blackball tradition, hired Foster away from the Cubans and beat them in their 1904 rematch. Subscribe to Stathead Baseball: Get your first month FREEYour All-Access Ticket to the Baseball Reference Database. Seventy-six of these players eventually made it to the major leagues, while 126 competed in the three Triple A circuits. 11, As the former Negro Leaguers led the charge into White baseball, a new generation of Black players followed closely behind, bypassing the segregated circuits altogether. Because black people were not being accepted into the major and minor baseball leagues due to racism which established the color line, they formed their own teams and had made professional teams by the 1880s. Evidence would indicate that the best baseball players have always been Black. Those games, sometimes approaching 100 per season, did not count in the official standings or statistics. the National) won 27 out of 31 All-Star games (with one tie). The Eastern League folded shortly after that, marking the end of the World Series between the NNL and the ECL. 338. On their way, they glanced in a shop window; what looked like an embalmed body of a black man was hanging with a noose around its neck. The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans. By 1968 fewer than one in ten major league pitchers were Black. Soon, Fann was demoted to a lower-level Athletics affiliate in Daytona Beach, Florida. On August 3, 1994, at Kauffman Stadium in Kansas City, the hometown Royals defeated the Oakland Athletics, 95, while wearing replica uniforms of the 1924 Kansas City Monarchs. The last professional club, the Indianapolis Clowns, operated as a humorous sideshow rather than competitively from the mid-1960s to the 1980s. Web1951 Negro League All Star Team Signed Baseball With Satchel Paige JSA COA. And, unfortunately, despite the best of intentions and the level of excitement behind their creation, many of these leagues last only one or two years tops, and a lot never got off the ground at all. In 1946, Saperstein partnered with Jesse Owens to form another Negro league, the West Coast Baseball Association (WCBA); Saperstein was league president and Owens was vice-president and the owner of the league's Portland (Oregon) Rosebuds franchise. 555 N. Central Ave. #416 Perron, now a 25-year-old researcher at the Center for Negro League Baseball Research (CNLBR), found names of Negro League players online. Just like the major leagues, the Negro leagues saw many stars miss one or more seasons while fighting overseas. When Mosley [27] The WCBA disbanded after only two months.[27]. They finished in second place during the second half of the year due in large part to their pitcher turned center fielder, Cool Papa Bell, and their shortstop, Willie Wells. In years without a World Series, leagues would either award a championship to the team that had the best record/percentage at the end of the year or had a "Championship Series" to determine the winner between first half and second half champions. This enabled them to make money barnstorming while fulfilling their league obligations. The voting committee was chaired by Fay Vincent, Major League Baseball's eighth Commissioner and an Honorary Director of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. However when the White major league averages are compared to those of the Negro Leagues, a different truth emerges. In the entire history of the American and National Leagues, only five batters have hit for 5,900 or more total bases, and four of themHank Aaron, Willie Mays, Barry Bonds, and Albert Pujolsare African or Latin American. The Negro leagues also "integrated" around the same time, as Eddie Klep pitched for the Cleveland Buckeyes during the 1946 season, becoming the first white American to play in the Negro leagues. Early in 1946, Rickey signed four more black players, Campanella, Newcombe, John Wright and Roy Partlow, this time with much less fanfare. Experiencing racism outside of the team setting was one thing, but Fann had never before endured hatred in his own clubhouse. As of December 2020, the Negro League is officially being $4,995.00 + $4.99 shipping. The new generation of Black pitchers also performed well when given the chance. Because you were traveling. The player limit column reflects the team roster sizes set by the leagues before each season. On December 16, 1922, Bolden once again shifted sides and, with Strong, formed the Eastern Colored League as an alternative to Foster's Negro National League, which started with six teams: Atlantic City Bacharach Giants, Baltimore Black Sox, Brooklyn Royal Giants, New York Cuban Stars, Hilldale, and New York Lincoln Giants. [17] The league was initially composed of eight teams: Chicago American Giants, Chicago Giants, Cuban Stars, Dayton Marcos, Detroit Stars, Indianapolis ABC's, Kansas City Monarchs and St. Louis Giants. An 18-year-old Fann began his MLB career in Brunswick, Georgia, with the Brunswick Cardinals, one of St. Louis minor league affiliates. Across town from Posey, Gus Greenlee, a reputed gangster and numbers runner, had just purchased the Pittsburgh Crawfords. From the first year of the American League in 1900 through the last year of the second Negro National League in 1948, African American teams posted a record of 316-283-21 (.527) against White major league clubs and big-league All-Star aggregations. As for having the best players, African and Latin Americans have dominated the major leagues since 1947 and they now make up over one-third of MLBs yearly population. Within days of calling a truce with Strong, Bolden made an about-face and signed up as an associate member of Foster's Negro National League. These days, the Negro Leagues impact on baseball is often excluded from discussions of the history of the sport. Judge Kenesaw M. Landis, the first Commissioner of Major League Baseball, was an intractable opponent of integrating the white majors. Comprising mainly ex-soldiers and promoted by some well-known black officers, teams such as the Jamaica Monitor Club, Albany Bachelors, Philadelphia Excelsiors and Chicago Uniques started playing each other and any other team that would play against them. Not one of the four would have been allowed in the majors before 1947. He later said in his biography that he could not, in good conscience, tell black players they could not play baseball with whites when they had fought for their country. When Leland would not give up complete control, Foster quit, and in a heated court battle, got to keep the rights to the Leland Giants' name. While Foster was out of the picture, the owners of the National League elected William C. Hueston as new league president. The list of 39 had been pared from a roster of 94 candidates by a five-member screening committee in November, 2005. Because at least 425 African Americans and Latinos currently play big league baseball every year, there are now more Black major leaguers annually than there ever were Negro League players. Hank Aaron was the last Negro league player to hold a regular position in Major League Baseball. In 1962 a Black player led the National League in each of the following statistics: games played, at bats, runs, hits, doubles, triples, home runs, runs batted in, stolen bases, total bases, batting average, slugging percentage, and of course in being hit by pitches. By the 20s or 30s, the term "Negro" came into use which led to references to "Negro" leagues or teams. Keep their memories alive Cam, Women are stepping up to the plate against baseballs gender barriers, Minor leaguers stay focused as their season slips away, Ted Williams, the Chapel Hill Cloudbusters and a forgotten summer of baseball, How the Lancaster Barnstormers clubhouse embraced Steve Clevenger in the wake of his offensive tweets. He studied the mechanics of his pitchers and could spot the smallest flaw, turning his average pitchers into learned craftsmen. This plan was criticized by the press, the fans and the players it was intended to honor, and Satchel Paige himself insisted that he would not accept anything less than full-fledged induction into the Hall of Fame. Phone: 602.496.1460 After the integration of the major leagues in 1947, marked by the appearance of Jackie Robinson with the Brooklyn Dodgers that April, interest in Negro league baseball waned. 8 NLB and Class AAA Pitching Averages 1912-1948 Negro League Players Flourished After Entering Organized Baseball "Black teams earned the bulk of their income playing white independent 'semipro' clubs."[9]. However, when Landis got wind of his plans,[28] he and National League president Ford Frick scuttled it in favor of another bid by William D. Cox. During the formative years of black baseball, the term "colored" was the accepted usage when referring to African-Americans. While Negro League teams more than held their own while playing major league squads, they absolutely dominated bush leaguers. WebFrom 1912 through 1948, Negro League pitchers struck out more batters than their Triple A brethren every single year, and allowed fewer base runners in every season but four. 19. One month into the season, the Resolutes folded. The Hall relented and agreed to admit Negro league players on an equal basis with their Major League counterparts in 1971. Until the twentieth century, not one completed even half of its planned season. After almost two weeks, the hotels owner told players that Dove had taken the bus and left without paying. From SABR member Ryan Whirty at Home Plate Dont Move on December 20, 2014: Ill start off with a little bit about an example of one of the facets of Negro Leagues research that truly fascinates me all the seemingly little semipro, sandlot and industrial leagues that came and went over the years. The last All-Star game was held in 1962, and by 1966 the Indianapolis Clowns were the last Negro league team still playing. Operating as an independent team in 1931, the Homestead Grays played 174 games. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Even black players who were signed by major league organizations had to jump through hoops to get a legitimate chance to stick on rosters. Brewer toiled on the mounds of black baseball for twenty-four years with an assortment of teams throughout the world, including China, Japan, the Philippines, Hawaii, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and in forty-four of the forty-eight continental United States. As early as 1910, Foster started talking about reviving the concept of an all-black league. WebThis list of Negro league baseball teams is split into two pages, one listing the major league Negro teams and one listing the minor league and traveling Negro teams. Pressured by civil rights groups, the Fair Employment Practices Act was passed by the New York State Legislature in 1945. [13], The success of the Cubans led to the creation of the first recognized "Negro league" in 1887the National Colored Base Ball League. On May 2, 1920, the Indianapolis ABCs beat Charles "Joe" Green's Chicago [18] Giants (42) in the first game played in the inaugural season of the Negro National League, played at Washington Park in Indianapolis. The designation included seven different Negro Leagues and about 3,400 players, several of which are from the Charlotte area, or played college baseball here. Some of its teams joined the only Negro league then left, the Negro Southern League. [6] The first known baseball game between two black teams was held on November 15, 1859, in New York City. Fann learned this first-hand. Since Jackie Robinson first captured the crown in 1947, through 2017 a non-Black player led the National League in stolen bases only four times. The committee reviewed the careers of 29 Negro league and 10 Pre-Negro league candidates. On October 23, 1945, Montreal Royals president Hector Racine announced that, "We are signing this boy."[29]. All logos are the trademark & property of their owners and not Sports Reference LLC. This move prevented any team in organized baseball from signing any of the NCBBL players, which also locked the players to their particular teams within the league. Negro league owners who complained about this practice were in a no-win situation: They could not protect their own interests without seeming to interfere with the advancement of players to the majors. It was hard, Allen, 83, said. Because MacPhail, who was an outspoken critic of integration, kept stalling, the committee never met. Between 1989 and 2017, for example, Blacks made up only 12.4% of the U.S. population and yet during those 29 years (the same duration as NLBs 19201948 peak period) 66.5% of the players in the National Football League and 76.5% of those in the National Basketball Association were African American. How could I just let that go?. Under the guise of starting an all-black league, Rickey sent scouts all around the United States, Mexico and Puerto Rico, looking for the perfect candidate to break the color line. 10, Negro League pitchers also performed well in integrated baseball. And I got pulled into that. Contact SABR, https://sabr.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/research-collection4_350x300.jpg, /wp-content/uploads/2020/02/sabr_logo.png, Whirty: A North Carolina Negro League that never got off the ground, https://homeplatedontmove.wordpress.com/2014/12/20/an-nc-league-that-never-got-off-the-ground/. The end result of this woefully slow integration process was that several qualified African Americans were left languishing in the minors until their opportunity to move up had passed them by. I met him via his interaction with my husband Freddie Battle. And fans followed these stars. Some high school data is courtesy David McWater. Between 1900 and 1948, Black clubs defeated the best White batters, pitchers, and teams they were allowed to play nearly 55 percent of the time. There were seven selections: Leon Day, Bill Foster, Bullet Rogan, Hilton Smith, Turkey Stearnes, Willie Wells, and Smokey Joe Williams. The NNL(I) and ECL champions met in a World Series, usually referred to as the "Colored World Series", from 1924 to 1927 (1924, 1925, 1926, 1927). On opening day, April 30, 1932, the pitcher-catcher battery was made up of the two most marketable icons in all of black baseball: Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson. [19] But, because of the Chicago Race Riot of 1919, the National Guard still occupied the Giants' home field, Schorling's Park (formerly South Side Park). WebNegro leagues. WebThe Negro Leagues | MLB.com Players Teams History Photos Video Features Select a Player The 32 featured players below were selected after consultation with John Thorn, Also in 1888, Frank Leland got some of Chicago's black businessmen to sponsor the black amateur Union Base Ball Club. WebThe Center for Negro League Baseball says the Charlotte Black Hornets were among the most famous of the minor league teams, while Charlottes Red Socks were a Negro American League, 19511960 considered a major league from 1937 until integration diminished the quality of play around 1950/51. I tripped across an example of this existing in the late 1940s in the coastal plains of North Carolina. Foster immediately turned the Giants into the team to beat. WebThe Negro Leagues, which started in 1920 and continued through the early 60s, are celebrating the 100th anniversary of their establishment this year. Indianapolis Clowns ( 1953 1955) Mamie "Peanut" Johnson (September 27, 1935 December 18, 2017) was an [21] The National League was having trouble maintaining continuity among its franchises: three teams folded and had to be replaced after the 1921 season, two others after the 1922 season, and two more after the 1923 season. Except for Doby, their play in the Negro leagues was a minor factor in their selection: Aaron, Banks, and Mays played in Negro leagues only briefly and after the leagues had declined with the migration of many black players to the integrated minor leagues; Campanella (1969) and Robinson (1962) were selected before the Hall began considering performance in the Negro leagues. WebThe Grays teams of the 1930s and 1940s were considered some of the best teams in Negro league history. Still, the love of baseball and the chance no matter how slim it may have been to one day play in the major leagues, was enough for young black ballplayers. Connors, wanting to return the favor of helping him against Strong, raided Ed Bolden's Hilldale Daisies team. Then the Compromise of 1877 removed the remaining obstacles from the South's enacting the Jim Crow laws. WebNegro Texas League, 1949. Chandler was open to integrating the game, even at the risk of losing his job as Commissioner. None materialized prior to 1920 and by 1950, due to integration, they were in decline. By June the Wolves had disintegrated and all the rest of the teams, except for the Grays, were beyond help, so Posey had to terminate the league. WebNew York Yankees Fanatics Branded 2022 Postseason Locker Room T-Shirt - Navy. During the thirty years after integration, ex-Negro League players outhit their competition in both Triple A and the Major Leagues by a substantial margin. WebAsheville has a long history with baseball. Effa Manley, co-owner (with her husband Abe Manley) and business manager of the Newark Eagles club in the Negro National League, is the first woman elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. The Negro Leagues, which started in 1920 and continued through the early 60s, are celebrating the 100th anniversary of their establishment this year. You were not supposed to say anything, no matter what (the manager) said, Fann, 76, said. Watch our How-To Videos to Become a Stathead, Subscribe to Stathead and get access to more data than you can imagine. When the regular season batting records of the Negro Leagues and those of the three Double (later Triple A) Leagues are compared, the African American clubs posted lower batting averages (indicating a higher level of play) every year but four from the mid-teens until integration. [12] Then in 1886 second baseman Frank Grant joined the Buffalo Bisons of the International League, the strongest minor league, and hit .340, third highest in the league. Excludes: In 1933, Greenlee, riding the popularity of his Crawfords, became the next man to start a Negro league. Drawing on statistics from these contests, games played in the Negro Leagues, and the events of post-integration baseball, several indisputable truths emerge.2, Negro League Teams Had a Winning Record against Major League Squads, The practice of African American outfits playing premier White players was an established tradition in cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Indianapolis, Chicago, St. Louis, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Leading the way for the Cubans was a young pitcher by the name of Andrew "Rube" Foster. With Paige on his team, Greenlee took a huge risk by investing $100,000 in a new ballpark to be called Greenlee Field. [14], The few players on the white minor league teams were constantly dodging verbal and physical abuse from both competitors and fans. Newark capitulated, and later that same day, league owners voted to refuse future contracts to blacks, citing the "hazards" imposed by such athletes.[15]. Note: Only league and league associated clubs were included. Yearly League Leaders & Records for Total Bases, Yearly League Leaders & Records for Hit By Pitch, 1959 American Association Batting Leaders, 1959 International League Batting Leaders, 1959 Pacific Coast League Batting Leaders, Yearly League Leaders & Records for Slugging %, Yearly League Leaders & Records for Batting Average, Yearly League Leaders & Records for Stolen Bases, Albert Pujols Earns 3,000 Hit, Joining A-Rod, Hank Aaron, Willie Mays in Exclusive Club, Historical Racial and Ethnic Demographics of the United States, The 2016 Racial and Gender Report Card: National Football League, The 2016 Racial and Gender Report Card: National Basketball Association, The 2019 Racial and Gender Report Card: Major League Baseball, Wild Kyle Schwarber Slide Caps Six-Run 9th Inning for the Cubs.
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