In fact, the foundations of Rome’s unique representative government had been crumbling for more than 50 years before Caesar’s river excursion. On 10 January 49 BC, Roman general Julius Caesar defied an ultimatum set to him by the Senate. After Caesar's crossing, the Rubicon was a geographical feature of note until about 42 BC, when Octavian merged the Province of Gallia Cisalpina into Italia and the river ceased to be the extreme northern border of Italy. He was explicitly ordered not to take his army across the Rubicon river, which was at that time a northern boundary of Italy. In doing so, he deliberately broke the law on imperium and made armed conflict inevitable. Directed by John Ealer, David O'Neill. tantis rebus gestis C. Caesar condemnatus essem nisi ab exercitu auxilium petissem). Courtesy of Victoria and Albert Museum. At the time of writing, the United States is at that cross roads. Look it up now! Caesar had been appointed to a governorship over a region that ranged from southern Gaul to Illyricum (but not Italy). 'Crossing the Rubicon' has been a metaphor for an important and irreversible decision ever since Julius Caesar, pictured, took his army over the river from Gaul. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Crossing the Rubicon: Caesar… As dictator, Caesar presided over the end of the Roman Republic and the start of the Roman Empire. If he brought his veteran armies across the river Rubicon in northern Italy, the Republic would be in a state of civil war. Crossing the Rubicon: Brutal Role Models Influenced Julius Caesar’s Rise to Power. These activities were clearly dictated by the desire to diminish the political and military role of Caesar. Entdecke (und sammle) deine eigenen Pins bei Pinterest. Copy link. It was reported that Caesar dined with Sallust, Hirtius, Oppius, Lucius Balbus and Sulpicus Rufus on the night after his famous crossing into Italy January 10.[2]. In fact, the foundations of Rome’s unique representative government had been crumbling for more than 50 years before Caesar’s river excursion. Quickly taking several northern towns, the news reached Rome by January 17. Exercising imperium when forbidden by the law was a capital offence. on the banks of the Rubicon, Julius Caesar faced a critical choice. - R03WJG aus der Alamy-Bibliothek mit Millionen von Stockfotos, Illustrationen und Vektorgrafiken in hoher Auflösung herunterladen. carotta.de Jordan: Caesar erwäh nt die Üb erschreitun g des R ubikons nicht, er spricht jedoch von den Rekrutierungen de s Pompeius . 69 'They wanted it so. Make no mistake, we are witnessing a power struggle, one which could easily lead to armed conflict across the United States and perhaps the world. But Pompey’s response was unexpected: he commanded magistrates and senators to abandon Rome—a city that, until then, had always been defended. This plunged the Roman world into civil war. Upon completing the crossing, he reportedly uttered, "And so the die is cast." According to some authors, he is said to have uttered the phrase "alea iacta est"—the die is cast—as his army marched through the shallow river. The river Rubicon was considered to be the dividing line between Italy and the rest of the Empire. Caesar's allies in the Senate, especially Mark Anthony, Curio, Cassius and Caelius Rufus, tried to defend their patron, but were threatened with violence. Julius Caesar and the Crossing of the Rubicon, Francesco Granacci, 1494. Today, the meaning of crossing the Rubicon refers to making a challenging decision that can have unpredictable consequences. Crossing it was the initial event in Julius Caesar’s takeover of the Roman government. 5 From the Death of Clodius to a Sole Consul 89. Julius Caesar and the Crossing of the Rubicon, Francesco Granacci, 1494. Make no mistake, we are witnessing a … cross the Rubicon phrase. Crossing The Rubicon, Literally – Caesar Sparks War In 49 BC. That war did more than topple the Roman republic and replace it with a Roman empire. To do so was treason. Find more prominent pieces of sculpture at Wikiart.org – best visual art database. In the sight of the Senate, crossing the Rubicon River with his army would be viewed as an act of treason – an insurrection, and according to Roman law, an act of war. In 49 BC, Julius Caesar leads an ambitious campaign to cross the Rubicon river; this would culminate in Rome evolving from Republic to Empire. Julius Caesar was ordered by the Senate to disband his armies and leave them in Northern Italy. Suetonius was a Roman historian and biographer. In 49 BC, Julius Caesar leads an ambitious campaign to cross the Rubicon river; this would culminate in Rome evolving from Republic to Empire. 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