Ovid called it “Metamorphoses” as he selected myths that dealt with the transformation of people, gods, and heroes into forces or features of nature. 1. Time Required: 3–5–Part Lesson Metamorphoses, poem in 15 books, written in Latin about 8 CE by Ovid. It is usually the cause of whatever transformation the stories are explaining. That includes personal love or as the personified deity, Amor/Cupid. Ask students if they can think of a film that is inspired by Greek or Roman mythology. What is happening in the poem? What is missing? Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Students will be able to: A study in the transformations of a literary symbol Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. It is usually the cause of whatever transformation the stories are explaining. RL.11-12.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging, or beautiful. Grades 9–12 (Proficient) Grades 9–10 In part one, students explore the theme of transformation in text and art by reading the story of Apollo and Daphne from Ovid's Metamorphoses and studying works of art related to the poem. http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15814) interpret and compare literary and visual works of art. [Charles Segal] Have you ever been struck by something that you considered great but didn't have the words to describe? The theme of the Metamorphoses is change and transformation, as illustrated in Graeco-Roman myth and legend. These stories often depict the gods as brutal and rash, taking what they want from mortals without their consent and … In the poem the speaker tries to describe the object that he sees. Reading: Literature Transformations in Ovid Transformations from one shape or form into another are the central theme in Ovid s Metamorphoses. Was it an object, a person, or an event? analyze ancient and modern texts. Paper The varied facets of this interassociation have now been illuminated by many critics. The Saylor Foundation 1 Guide to Responding Study Guide for Ovid’s Metamorphoses Main Point Summary/Background: Metamorphoses is more than a collection of stories of mythical adventures, it is a meditation on the theme of metamorphosis or transformation in all its myriad forms. Modern sculptors imagined the pristine white as "classic" for their "Neoclassical" artworks, when in fact ancient sculptures more often were colorfully painted. With any translation there is a loss of meaning, whether in its words, rhythm, rhyme, or form. (One leg is engaged and the other is relaxed, suggesting an air of aloofness or distraction, perhaps dumbstruck by love; his hand holds the leaves of the laurel, making Daphne's presence tangible, even in the transformation.) Anderson, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 493, 501, 517, shows that it is possible to fit the stories to the declared theme, but only through careful interpretation. The popularity and timelessness of this work stems from the manner of story telling. Part One: Apollo and Daphne How did Daphne escape his pursuit? Then ask for volunteers to read their completed poems aloud to the class. In Ovid’s work, the gods were continually humiliated and confused by Love, who was usually considered to be a relatively insignificant minor god. That the gods are shown in the nude (natural) human form has paradoxical consequences. Then ask for volunteers to take turns reading each paragraph aloud. That the gods are shown in the nude (natural) human form has paradoxical consequences. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organization are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (A speaker expresses his thoughts while experiencing a fragment of an ancient sculpture. Paper Theme of Revenge in Metamorphoses Revenge is a recurring theme in the book Metamorphoses. The popularity and timelessness of this work stems from the manner of story telling. Use simile and hyperbole to describe the experience. 6. "Metamorphoses" means transformations, and transformation is the governming theme of the text. Grades 9–12 (Proficient) Transformations from one shape or form into another are the central theme in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. 4. Have partners discuss the poems by responding to the following questions: Grades 11–12 This 15-book epic is a rollercoaster of a read, with moments of both delicious joy and abject depravity. OK, so the poem is called The Metamorphoses; it doesn't take a genius to figure out that "Transformation" is going to be the most important theme.That said, you might be surprised by the wide range of transformations that happen in Ovid's book. Display a reproduction of Jan Boeckhorst's drawing Apollo and Daphne. Pentheus was a skeptical man who doubted Tiresias' prophecies, so when the blind man foretold that Pentheus would disrespect the power of Bacchus as a god and be ripped apart by the hands of his own mother and sisters for his faithlessness, Pentheus didn't believe him.. Part One: Apollo and Daphne Encourage students to create an object for display during the performance of their poem that symbolizes the transformation they addressed in their writing. The gods are always avenging themselves and changing mortals into animals or plants so that they can prove their own superiority. Give students time to address their peers' feedback. R.CCR.7 Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words. At the same time, however, a lead arrow struck the nymph, turning her feelings to those of revulsion.) This type of poem may open with one idea—an argument—that may come to resolution by the end, a traditional transformation in sonnets. Have students write a poem that describes a transformation they've experienced. Grades 9–12 So many different changes occur that people have long tried to find patterns in them and reasons that might explain why Ovid wrote his most famous poem. What type of mood is suggested by the colors that are used? In part one, students explore the theme of transformation in text and art by reading the story of Apollo and Daphne from Ovid's Metamorphoses and studying works of art related to the poem. These themes, and others, Ovid explores throughout the Metamorphoses, doing his best to uncover every possible scenario for each trope. At the same time, however, a lead arrow struck the nymph, turning her feelings to those of revulsion.) Like a troublesome younger brother, an embarrassment to the family, Ovid’s epic “kicks against the pricks,” to paraphrase the paraphrase of Nick Cave. It does not include the changes which occur when gods disguise themselves as human individuals or as animals or temporarily alter their shape. Transformations in the Metamorphoses flow from the pursuit of or effects rendered by love. For more information on sonnets, visit Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9—12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Artists can use strong light and shadow side by side to draw attention to important details in a scene. Display an image of Antonio Canova's Apollo Crowning Himself. Reproduction of Apollo Crowning Himself by Antonio Canova Ultimately, she is transformed into a laurel tree.) What type of mood is suggested by the colors that are used? How will you end your poem? Consider sharing a copy of the original to bring to light the pattern of rhyming words at the end of the lines in German (abba, cddc, eef, gfg). on the Jacket Magazine Web site at http://jacketmagazine.com/36/beck-rilke-torso.shtml. 7. In-depth explanations of The Metamorphoses's themes. Ovid takes stories relevant to his culture and time period, and weaves them together into one work with a connecting theme of transformation throughout. Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently. Have you ever been struck by something that you considered great but didn't have the words to describe? 1. read and analyze ancient and modern texts. Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9—12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. What is similar, and what is different? The gods are always avenging themselves and changing mortals into animals or plants so that they can prove their own superiority. Free, fun, and packed with easy-to-understand explanations! (What is its original context? 3. What part of the story does the artist draw in this image? Can you locate diagonal lines throughout the composition? R.CCR.10. RL.9-10.4 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone). (The arrow transformed the usually sober character of Apollo into a lustful pursuant of the chaste nymph. Writing compose poems using metaphor. If you were to compliment the artist for this drawing, what would you say he does well? Try to describe something by saying what it is like. Ultimately, she is transformed into a laurel tree.) Part Two: Ekphrasis and Rilke's Poetry read and analyze ancient and modern texts. But, Metamorphoses is also a compilation of myths, some complimentary and some almost contradictory, that were well-known in Ovid's society. 2. They then write an original poem that explores the theme of transformation. What inspired your transformation? In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, the story of Philomela’s rape and suppression of speech by Tereus reflects similar gender patterns of male domination that are found throughout classical literature.The story of Philomela is especially important because it reflects the difficulty people have talking about events that have silenced them. Struck by a golden arrow true to love, Apollo became enraptured by the beautiful nymph. Display a reproduction of Jan Boeckhorst's drawing Apollo and Daphne. (Include Shakespeare as well as other authors.) Which parts of the poem would benefit from further explanation or detail? What does their body language suggest to you? Share with students that artists often interpret stories from the past in original works of art. It is usually the cause of whatever transformation the stories are explaining. 4. Grades/Level: High School (9–12) If Ovid had never existed, there would be plenty of blank walls in the world’s art galleries. Get this from a library! SL.CCR.1 Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. 37. Speaking and Listening compose poems using metaphor. Ovid was well known for his ability to tell phenomenal stories and this one was probably one of the greatest. Reproduction of Apollo and Daphne by Jan Boeckhorst (The arrow transformed the usually sober character of Apollo into a lustful pursuant of the chaste nymph. Suggest to your students that fragments present scholars with an interesting set of problems. (The hair, like leaves, hides the face; arms like branches; feet like roots; the abdomen, the trunk, etc.) analyze ancient and modern texts. Inform students that marble itself was a noble material that connected the work of art to the ancient world; its pristine white surface seems to suggest divine qualities of light. Reproduction of Young Man by an unknown artist For more information on sonnets, visit (The expression is blank, which is quite common in the stoic demeanor of ancient statuary. Open a discussion about the poem by asking students the following: One recurring theme of Metamorphoses is that of Love. Ovid takes stories relevant to his culture and time period, and weaves them together into one work with a connecting theme of transformation throughout. Unquestionably, the major theme in Ovid’s Metamorphoses is transformations. What does the sculptor convey about the character of Apollo through his pose? What does the sculptor convey about Apollo through his expression? It is extremely rare to have a full history of any work of art, particularly fragments.) The idea of transformation has long been a well-used theme in Western literature. Clothing is one sign of culture, thus, nudity suggests the natural world rather than that of culture. In part two, students read an ekphrastic poem by Rainer Maria Rilke and study a … Visual Arts Content Standards for California State Public Schools Daphne, already known for her chastity, becomes all the more revolted by the lust directed at her.) ... Egeria's transformation occurs in the fifteenth and final book of Ovid's poem. In the Metamorphoses Ovid retells stories from the Greek myths, arranging them in roughly chronological order, from the origins of the world to his own times. Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently. After students have written their first drafts, invite them to share their poems with partners first. 4.2 Compare the ways in which the meaning of a specific work of art has been affected over time because of changes in interpretation and context, The Theme of Transformation in Poetry: Ovid's Metamorphoses, Exploring Art of the Ancient World at the Getty Villa, Assessing Online Resources for K-12 Teachers, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, http://www.theoi.com/Text/OvidMetamorphoses1.html#6, http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15814, http://jacketmagazine.com/36/beck-rilke-torso.shtml, http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5791. What questions might a scholar want to ask if he or she discovered a fragment? How is the human body compared to a tree? Pencils. In part two, students read an ekphrastic poem by Rainer Maria Rilke and study a related work of art. 4.0 Aesthetic Valuing What motivates each of the main characters? Which parts of the poem would benefit from further explanation or detail? Landscape in Ovid's Metamorphoses. (He fashions some leaves from the tree in the form of a crown to wear upon his head to remember his love for Daphne.) Then ask for volunteers to read their completed poems aloud to the class. Diagonal lines suggest movement and drama. Ovid takes stories relevant to his culture and time period, and weaves them together into one work with a connecting theme of transformation throughout. The Odyssey (c. 800 BC) takes us on an epic voyage f… Unquestionably, the major theme in Ovid’s Metamorphoses is transformations. Have students consider the following: . Theme of Revenge in Metamorphoses Revenge is a recurring theme in the book Metamorphoses. How does Apollo try to convince Daphne of his love? Extension 5. Where can you find examples of figurative language in the poem? Use simile and hyperbole to describe the experience. Reading: Literature 4. While only the torso remains, the individual experiences much in it, and from it.) (Note: The poem is in the form of a sonnet. 5. (Point out that the speaker uses simile ["eyes like ripening fruit; "torso...like a lamp"] and hyperbole ["suffused with brilliance from inside"].) R.CCR.4 Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. What motivates each of the main characters? Clothing is one sign of culture, thus, nudity suggests the natural world rather than that of culture. W.CCR.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. Theme of Revenge in Metamorphoses Revenge is a recurring theme in the book Metamorphoses. R.CCR.4 Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone. As its title suggests, Metamorphoses is an exploration of transformations of all kinds, from the pedestrian and obvious to the literary and oblique. (At times the names Helios and Sol were also used to refer to his stewardship of the sun.) (Apollo, known for his usual restraint, boasts of his superiority to Cupid. Try to describe something by saying what it is like. The Metamorphoses (Latin: Metamorphōseōn librī: "Books of Transformations") is an 8 AD Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus.Comprising 11,995 lines, 15 books and over 250 myths, the poem chronicles the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar within a loose mythico-historical framework. Display an image of Young Man and distribute copies of a translation of the ekphrastic poem "Archaic Torso of Apollo" by Rainer Maria Rilke. compose poems using metaphor. Reading: Literature In part one, students explore the theme of transformation in text and art by reading the story of Apollo and Daphne from Ovid's Metamorphoses and studying works of art related to the poem. 3. Who made it? Open a discussion about the poem by asking students the following: The popularity and timelessness of this work stems from the manner of story telling. Three to four 50-minute class periods 4.0 Aesthetic Valuing The main agent of transformation is love, represented by Venus What is Apollo's solution to his loss of love? Metamorphoses, poem in 15 books, written in Latin about 8 CE by Ovid. The work is a collection of mythological and legendary stories, many taken from Greek sources, in which transformation (metamorphosis) plays a role, however minor. Subjects: Visual Arts, English–Language Arts (Note: The poem is in the form of a sonnet. Read the original German text in the article "And Yet Another Archaic Torso—Why?" W.CCR.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. Metamorphoses became one of the most popular and influential literary works in the history of European civilization. Which line or description do you think is most effective? Open a discussion with students about the drawing, using the following questions: Stories from ancient Greece and Rome have been interpreted and reinterpreted for centuries. Ovid declares right at the beginning what his book is going to be about. The nudity brings the deity into the realm of human emotion, experience, and expression, since the body is recognizable to the viewer. (Apollo, known for his usual restraint, boasts of his superiority to Cupid. 3. R.CCR.1 Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. Can you locate diagonal lines throughout the composition? Inform your students that the poem was translated from German. Metamorphoses or Transformations refers to the change of shape and form of the characters of the poem. For Ovid, love was more often viewed as … The popularity and timelessness of this work stems from the manner of story telling. Throughout the story, he takes beliefs that were significant at the time, and mocks them through the theme of transformation. Encourage students to create an object for display during the performance of their poem that symbolizes the transformation they addressed in their writing. The Saylor Foundation 1 Guide to Responding Study Guide for Ovid’s Metamorphoses Main Point Summary/Background: Metamorphoses is more than a collection of stories of mythical adventures, it is a meditation on the theme of metamorphosis or transformation in all its myriad forms. Storytelling joins the theme of transformation and the motif of art. Hence, the focus shifts from the action of the story to the content of the character. What problem sets the drama in motion? (The expression is blank, which is quite common in the stoic demeanor of ancient statuary. It is written in hexameter verse. Metamorphoses was the most influential of Ovid’s works for Shakespeare and his contemporaries. Consider the sculpture you saw before (Antonio Canova's Apollo Crowning Himself). How does Apollo try to convince Daphne of his love? Five main sub-categorical causes stem from love-provoked transformations: sexual encounters, escape, sorrow, punishment, and romantic love. Each myth is a work of art within the larger work of art that is Metamorphoses. Display an image of Young Man and distribute copies of a translation of the ekphrastic poem "Archaic Torso of Apollo" by Rainer Maria Rilke. ‘I intend to speak of forms changed into new entities.’ Next, ask them if they have a favorite story that was made into a movie. Inform students that the god Apollo was called by different names, depending on which role or duty he was fulfilling in a story. interpret and compare literary and visual works of art. Have students consider the following: Open a discussion with your students by suggesting that sculptural art often presents characters isolated from the narrative context or setting. Anderson, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, 493, 501, 517, shows that it is possible to fit the stories to the declared theme, but only through careful interpretation. (She prays to her father, a river god, that her purity remain intact and that her beauty be destroyed. 1. On this ostensibly unifying thread Ovid strings together a vast and kaleidoscopic sequence of brilliant narratives, in which the often paradoxical and always arbitrary fates of his human and divine characters reflect the never-ending flux and reflux of the universe itself. Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast it with the fragment of Young Man. Where can you see this effect? Popular examples include Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Virginia Woolf’s Orlando: A Biography. Grades 9–12 Have you ever experienced a deep and powerful reaction to something that happened all of a sudden? Many gods and goddesses emerge as individual, complex characters that are multifaceted and multidimensional entities, whether in singular works or across generations of poets' writings. The Pervasiveness of Metamorphoses. One recurring theme of Metamorphoses is that of Love. Grades 9–10 What is missing? It is usually the cause of whatever transformation the stories are explaining. 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